现代铅锌冶炼技术现状与火法熔池炼锌技术潜力分析  

Current Situation of Modern Lead and Zinc Smelting Technology and Potential Analysis of Pyrometallurgical Zinc Bath Smelting Technology

作　　者：闵小波 王鑫 任浩宇 王萌 陈功夫 田秉东 王云燕 米贵良 王唯任 彭聪 柯勇 李云 MIN Xiaobo;WANG Xin;REN Haoyu;WANG Meng;CHEN Gongfu;TIAN Bingdong;WANG Yunyan;MI Guiliang;WANG Weiren;PENG Cong;KE Yong;LI Yun(School of Metallurgy and Envi ronment,Central South Uni versity,Changsha 410083,China;State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy for Non-ferrous Metals,Changsha 410083,China;Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control&Treatment of Heavy Metal Polluti on,Changsha 410083,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学冶金与环境学院,长沙410083 [2]有色金属强化冶金新技术全国重点实验室,长沙410083 [3]国家重金属污染防治工程技术研究中心,长沙410083

出　　处：《有色金属(冶炼部分)》2025年第4期6-17,共12页Nonferrous Metals(Extractive Metallurgy)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3901603);国家自然科学基金创新研究群体项目(52121004);国家自然科基金青年项目(52104356);湖南省芙蓉计划湖湘青年英才(荷尖)项目(2023RC3059);广东省重点研发计划项目(2022B0111130002);国家重点研发计划青年科学家项目(2023YFC2909100);湖南省研究生科研创新项目(CX20240015);中南大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2024ZZTS0010);2024级大学生创新创业训练计划支持项目(S202410533086,S202410533044)。

摘　　要：随着高品质硫化锌精矿逐渐减少,未来锌冶炼原料将从高品位硫化矿转向低质高杂铅锌混合矿、氧化矿、氧硫混合矿及含锌二次资源等。针对原料变动带来的挑战,总结了当下铅锌资源现状,主流的锌冶炼方法,分析了其技术特点及适用性,重点论述了未来原料变动、环保政策、无废低碳等新挑战下,现有复杂锌资源回收方法原理及其局限性。结合未来绿色低碳冶金发展趋势,探讨了目前火法短流程直接炼锌技术在处理复杂含锌物料上的机遇与挑战。依托现代熔池熔炼强化冶金技术优势,分析了火法熔池直接炼锌技术可行性,展望了未来复杂含锌物料熔池炼锌技术发展前景与待突破的技术瓶颈,为未来锌冶炼行业发展提供参考与借鉴。As high-quality zinc sulfide concentrates are gradually depleted,the raw materials for zinc smelting in the future will shift from high-grade sulfide ores to a variety of low-quality,high-mix lead-zinc ores,including oxide ores,oxygen-sulfur mixed ores,and zinc-containing secondary resources.In response to the challenges brought about by changes in raw materials,a summary of the current status of lead and zinc resources and mainstream zinc smelting methods were provided,and their technical characteristics and applicability were analyzed.The principles and limitations of existing complex zinc resource recovery methods under the new challenges such as future changes in raw materials,environmental protection policies and waste free and low carbon were discussed.In light of the anticipated advancements in green and low-carbon metallurgy in the future,the opportunities and challenges associated with the present pyrometallurgical short-process direct zinc smelting technology in treating complex zinc-containing materials were discussed.Based on the advantages of modern pyrometallurgical molten pool direct zinc smelting technology and enhanced metallurgical technology,the technical feasibility of direct pyrometallurgical zinc bath smelting was analyzed.The development prospects and technical bottlenecks to be overcome of molten pool zinc smelting for complex zinc-containing materials were prospected,so as to provide reference for the development of zinc smelting industry in the future.

关 键 词：铅锌复杂资源 氧硫混合矿 锌冶炼 熔池炼锌 绿色低碳冶金 

分 类 号：TF812[冶金工程—有色金属冶金] TF813