铁酸锌基固废处理技术现状与发展前景  

Current Status and Development Prospects of Zinc Ferrite-Based Solid Waste Treatment Technology

作　　者：罗永健 王云燕 徐慧 彭聪 李云 柯勇 闵小波 LUO Yongjian;WANG Yunyan;XU Hui;PENG Cong;LI Yun;KE Yong;MIN Xiaobo(School of Metallurgy and Envi ronment,Central South Uni versity,Changsha 410083,China;State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy for Non-ferrous Metals,Changsha 410083,China;Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control&Treatment of Heavy Metal Polluti on,Changsha 410083,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学冶金与环境学院,长沙410083 [2]有色金属强化冶金新技术全国重点实验室,长沙410083 [3]国家重金属污染防治工程技术研究中心,长沙410083

出　　处：《有色金属(冶炼部分)》2025年第4期53-63,共11页Nonferrous Metals(Extractive Metallurgy)

基　　金：湖南省科技创新领军人才资助项目(2024RC1014);云南省重大科技专项计划资助项目(202302AB080016-01);湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2021JC0001)。

摘　　要：工业生产作为全球发展和进步不可或缺的一部分得到了蓬勃发展。然而,生产原料中的有价成分在生产过程中并未得到充分利用,以浸出残渣或炉渣的形式残留,如锌、铁等。铁酸锌是锌冶金和钢铁冶金渣尘中锌铁的主要赋存形式,因其性质稳定,难以回收,造成大量资源损失。对现有的铁酸锌分解技术作了综合评述,并展望了未来技术发展前景。经对火法、湿法、火法-湿法联合处理工艺作比较后,且考虑锌冶金发展现状,发现热酸浸出工艺是一种较好的铁酸锌分解方法。但是,沉铁渣产量大、处理难度大等问题限制了该工艺的进一步发展。为解决现有问题,提出将热酸浸出工艺与还原浸出工艺有机结合,可投加少量具有还原性的原料或中间产物,在保证铁酸锌分解效率的同时,降低体系硫酸浓度、反应温度,实现工艺的高效性和经济性。对于热酸浸出工艺向还原浸出工艺的转变,虽反应条件更温和、除铁过程锌铁共沉淀减少,但实际应用中还原剂的选择仍需妥善解决。Industrial production has flourished as an integral part of global development and progress.However,the valuable components in raw materials for production are not fully utilized in production process and still remain in the form of leaching residues or slags,such as zinc and iron.Zinc ferrite is the main form of zinc and iron in the residues or slags of zinc metallurgy and iron and steel metallurgy,which is difficult to recover due to its stable property,resulting in a large loss of resources.The comprehensive review of existing zinc ferrite decomposition technologies was presented,and prospects for future technology development were outlined.After comparing the pyrometallurgical,hydrometallurgical and pyro-hydrometallurgical processes,and considering the current development of zinc metallurgy,it is found that hot acid leaching process is a better method for zinc ferrite decomposition.However,problems such as high yield of iron precipitation residue and difficulty in its treatment limits the further development of the process.In order to solve these problems,the combination of hot acid leaching process and reductive leaching process was proposed,a little raw materials or intermediate products with reducing properties can be added,and while ensuring the decomposition efficiency of zinc ferrite,the system sulfuric acid concentration and reaction temperature can be reduced to achieve an efficient and economical process.For the transformation from hot acid leaching process to reductive leaching process,although the reaction conditions are milder and zinc-iron co-precipitation in iron removal is reduced,the selection of the reductants in the practical application still needs to be solved properly.

关 键 词：铁酸锌 锌浸出渣 火法处理技术 湿法处理技术 火法-湿法联合工艺 还原浸出工艺 

分 类 号：TF813[冶金工程—有色金属冶金] X758[环境科学与工程—环境工程]