典型铜熔炼渣中铅、砷赋存特征研究  

Study on the Occurrence Characteristics of Lead and Arsenic in Typical Copper Smelting Slag

作　　者：王云燕 张富 王静雯 柯勇 吴禧龙 彭聪 李云 闵小波 WANG Yunyan;ZHANG Fu;WANG Jingwen;KE Yong;WU Xilong;PENG Cong;LI Yun;MIN Xiaobo(School of Metallurgy and Envi ronment,Central South Uni versity,Changsha 410083,China;State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy for Non-ferrous Metals,Changsha 410083,China;Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control&Treatment of Heavy Metal Polluti on,Changsha 410083,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学冶金与环境学院,长沙410083 [2]有色金属强化冶金新技术全国重点实验室,长沙410083 [3]国家重金属污染防治工程技术研究中心,长沙410083

出　　处：《有色金属(冶炼部分)》2025年第4期95-105,共11页Nonferrous Metals(Extractive Metallurgy)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1900300);湖南省自然科学基金重大项目(2021JC0001);湖南省科技创新计划项目(2021RC3013);甘肃省科技重大专项(21ZD4GD033)。

摘　　要：为了探明铜熔炼渣中铅/砷的环境活性、分布规律及其赋存含量与熔炼渣组分的关系,为熔炼过程铅、砷的调控及铜熔炼渣/尾矿渣铅砷污染防控奠定基础,采用ICP-OES、XRF、XRD、化学分析、化学物相分析、SEM、MLA等技术方法,深入分析四种来源的典型铜熔炼渣中铅、砷的赋存特征。结果表明:熔炼渣以铁、硅为主,由铁橄榄石和磁铁矿组成,其中铅占比0.2%~2%,砷占比0.02%~0.6%。铅、砷主要以残渣态形式存在,70%以上的铅以其他铅的化学物相形式存在,90%以上的砷以砷酸盐和玻璃体砷的化学物相形式存在。铅、砷的浸出毒性浓度随着熔炼渣粒径减小和晶型变差而增加,部分粒径-0.074 mm的熔炼渣中铅、砷浸出浓度均超过U.S.EPA标准限值(5 mg/L)。此外,铅、砷主要赋存于硅酸盐玻璃体矿物相中,玻璃体中铅与碱度、砷与碱度以及铅、砷含量之间存在显著的正相关性。In order to investigate the environmental activity of lead/arsenic in copper smelting slag,its distribution pattern,and the relationship between the lead and arsenic content and the slag components,as well as lay a foundation for the control of lead and arsenic in smelting process and for the prevention of lead and arsenic pollution in copper smelting slag/tailings,various analytical techniques,including ICP-OES,XRF,XRD,chemical analysis,chemical phase analysis,SEM,and MLA,were employed to analyze the leaching characteristics of lead and arsenic in typical copper smelting slag samples from four different sources.The results indicate that the smelting slag is primarily composed of iron and silica,consisting of fayalite and magnetite,with lead accounting for 0.2%to 2%and arsenic accounting for 0.02%to 0.6%.Lead and arsenic primarily exist in residual forms,with over 70%of lead present as other lead chemical phases and more than 90%of arsenic existing in the form of arsenates and glassy arsenic phases.The leaching concentration of lead and arsenic increases as the particle size of the smelting slag decreases and the crystallinity deteriorates.In some samples with particle size of-0.074 mm,the leachable concentrations of lead and arsenic exceed the U.S.EPA standard limit(5 mg/L).Additionally,lead and arsenic are mainly endowed in silicate glassy mineral phases.A significant positive correlation exists between the lead and alkalinity,the arsenic and alkalinity,as well as the contents of lead and arseni c in the glassy phase.

关 键 词：铜熔炼渣 铅 砷 化学物相 赋存特征 

分 类 号：TF811[冶金工程—有色金属冶金] X758[环境科学与工程—环境工程]