电化学法浸出废HDS催化剂中关键金属研究  

Study on Electrochemical Leaching of Key Metals in Spent HDS Catalysts

作　　者：李聪聪 王晨晔 李会泉[1,2] 胡文斌 厉岩[1,2] 郭占成 刘明坤 LI Congcong;WANG Chenye;LI Huiquan;HU Wenbin;LI Yan;GUO Zhancheng;LIU Mingkun(CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engi neering,National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycli ng for Strategi c Metal Resources,Institute of Process Engi neering,CAS,Beijing 100190,China;School of Chemi cal Engineering,University of Chi nese Academy of Sci ences,Beijing 100049,China;State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy,University of Sci ence&Technology Bei jing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院绿色过程与工程重点实验室,战略金属资源绿色循环利用国家工程研究中心,中国科学院过程工程研究所,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学化学工程学院,北京100049 [3]北京科技大学绿色低碳钢铁冶金全国重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《有色金属(冶炼部分)》2025年第4期106-115,共10页Nonferrous Metals(Extractive Metallurgy)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFC3907700)。

摘　　要：加氢脱硫催化剂(HDS)在石油品质提升中发挥着重要作用,但其长期使用后因烧结和失活而转化为废弃催化剂,属于HW50危险废物。我国废HDS催化剂的产生量庞大,对环境污染风险显著。金属钒(V)和钼(Mo)是废HDS催化剂的关键成分,而传统的钠化焙烧工艺虽能有效回收这些金属,但过程耗碱量大且需高温(>800℃),亟需开展低碳回收方式探索。通过热力学计算和试验研究,揭示了在温和碱介质中,电化学条件变化对废HDS催化剂中V、Mo浸出机制的影响。研究发现,通过调节体系的氧化还原电位(Eh)和pH,可以实现V和Mo的迁移转化,其在碱介质中以Na_(2)V_(2)O_(7)和Na_(2)Mo_(2)O_(7)的形式稳定存在。试验优化结果显示,在浸出温度20℃、电压3 V、浸出时间6 h、NaOH浓度1 mol/L和液固比10∶1的条件下,V和Mo的浸出率分别达到了85.43%和82.47%。浸出过程符合传质控制动力学模型,电化学条件调控有效促进了活性氧的生成,显著提升了固体表面低价金属的浸出效率。研究结果为在温和条件下高效回收废HDS催化剂中有价金属提供了一种创新的技术途径。Hydrodesulfurization catalysts(HDS)play an important role in the improvement of petroleum quality,but they are converted into waste catalysts due to sintering and deactivation after long-term use and become HW50 hazardous waste.The production of spent HDS catalysts in China is huge and has significant environmental pollution risks.Vanadium(V)and molybdenum(Mo)are the key components of spent HDS catalysts.Although the traditional sodium roasting process can effectively recover these metals,the process consumes a large amount of alkali and requires high temperature(>800℃).Therefore,it is urgent to explore low-carbon recovery methods.This study reveals the influence of electrochemical condition changes on the leaching mechanism of V and Mo in spent HDS catalysts in mild alkaline media through thermodynamic calculations and experimental research.It is found that the migration and transformation of V and Mo could be achieved by adjusting the redox potential(Eh)and pH value of the system,and they are stable in the form of Na_(2)V_(2)O_(7) and Na_(2)Mo_(2)O_(7) in the alkaline medium.The experimental optimization results show that the leaching rate of V and Mo reaches 85.43% and 82.47% respectively under the conditions including leaching temperature of 20℃,voltage of 3 V,leaching time of 6 h,NaOH concentration of 1 mol/L and liquid-solid ratio of 10∶1.The leaching process conforms to the mass transfer controlled kinetic model,and the electrochemical condition regulation effectively promotes the generation of reactive oxygen species,significantly improving the leaching efficiency of low-valent metals on the solid surface.This study provides an innovative technical approach for the efficient recovery of valuable metals from spent HDS catalysts under mild conditions.

关 键 词：钒 钼 电化学氧化 浸出 废HDS催化剂 电势-PH图 

分 类 号：TF841.3[冶金工程—有色金属冶金] TF841.2