湿法炼锌铁渣矿相转化形成磁铁矿新技术  

Magnetite Formation by Phase Regulation of Iron-Bearing Wastes from Zinc Hydrometallurgy

作　　者：王晓乐 吴佳蕙 张文超 王云燕 史美清 柯勇 王庆伟 颜旭 WANG Xiaole;WU Jiahui;ZHANG Wenchao;WANG Yunyan;SHI Meiqing;KE Yong;WANG Qingwei;YAN Xu(School of Metallurgy and Envi ronment,Central South Uni versity,Changsha 410083,China;State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy for Non-ferrous Metals,Changsha 410083,China;Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control&Treatment of Heavy Metal Polluti on,Changsha 410083,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学冶金与环境学院,长沙410083 [2]有色金属强化冶金新技术全国重点实验室,长沙410083 [3]国家重金属污染防治工程技术研究中心,长沙410083

出　　处：《有色金属(冶炼部分)》2025年第4期124-132,共9页Nonferrous Metals(Extractive Metallurgy)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划青年科学家项目(2022YFC3900200);国家自然科学基金创新研究群体项目(52121004)。

摘　　要：湿法炼锌浸出液除铁过程会产生铁矾渣、针铁矿渣等铁渣危废,渣量大且毒性强,其处理易引发二次污染等问题。创新提出了磁铁矿转化新方法,并研发“预酸洗除杂—亚铁诱导转化—磁选分离”的铁渣处理新工艺。通过酸洗处理,可有效去除铁渣中的可溶态及微溶态杂质,如硫酸钙、硫酸锌,极大避免了杂质对转化过程的抑制作用。对于亚铁诱导转化过程,通过控制碱性环境下加入一定配比的亚铁离子(Fe^(2+)),可使渣中含铁物相高效转化为磁铁矿。进一步通过磁选分离,可得到磁铁矿精矿和多金属尾矿。其中,多金属尾矿中主要富集了Mg、Al、Mn、Ca、Zn等杂质金属,其含量为磁铁矿精矿的2倍以上;磁铁矿精矿中铁含量可达61%,远高于转化前铁渣中铁的含量(31.6%~42.8%),具有资源化利用的潜力。该技术实现了铁渣的减量化和资源化,兼具操作简单、反应温和、不引入杂质的优点,具有较好的应用前景。In the zinc hydrometallurgical process,a significant amount of hazardous iron-bearing waste,such as jarosite and goethite waste,is generated,posing challenges due to its large volume,high toxicity,and potential to cause secondary pollution.To address the difficulties in disposing iron-bearing waste,a new method based on“acid washing,Fe(Ⅱ)-induced transformation,and magnetic separation”for treating iron-bearing waste was innovatively proposed.Acid washing can effectively remove soluble and slightly soluble impurities in iron waste,such as gypsum and zinc sulfate,and significantly prevent these impurities from inhibiting subsequent transformation reactions.In the Fe(Ⅱ)-induced transformation stage,ferrous ions(Fe^(2+))were introduced,and the Fe^(2+) to Fe^(3+) ratio was adjusted to 1∶2 under alkaline conditions,to ensure the efficient conversion of iron-bearing phases to magnetite.After the reaction,the product is subjected to magnetic separation under an external magnetic field,producing high-iron-content magnetite concentrate and impurity-rich tailings.Mg,Al,Mn,Ca,Zn,and other impurity metals are enriched in the tailings,with their concentrations increasing by more than twofold compared to that in magnetite concentrate.The iron content of the magnetite concentrate obtained through magnetic separation reaches 61%,significantly higher than the original iron content in the waste(31.6%-42.8%),demonstrating its potential for resource utilization.This process not only achieves the reduction and resource utilization of iron-bearing waste but also has the advantages of simple operational requirements,mild reaction conditions,and no additional introduction of impurities,so it has significant potential for widespread application.

关 键 词：湿法炼锌 磁铁矿 磁选分离 

分 类 号：TF813[冶金工程—有色金属冶金] X758[环境科学与工程—环境工程]