红土镍矿高压酸浸反应釜结垢机理及控制措施研究  

Study on Forming Mechanism and Controlling Strategies of Scaling Problem in High-Pressure Acid Leaching Process of Laterite Nickel Ore

作　　者：木新兰 王雅宁 夏隆巩 MUHARAM Anissya Putri Maharani;WANG Yaning;XIA Longgong(School of Metallurgy and Envi ronment,Central South Uni versity,Changsha 410083,China;Research and Development Department,QMB New Energy Mat erials,Morowali,Central Sulawesi 94974,Indonesia)

机构地区：[1]中南大学冶金与环境学院,长沙410083 [2]青美邦工程技术研究中心,印度尼西亚中苏拉威西省莫罗瓦利县94974

出　　处：《有色金属(冶炼部分)》2025年第4期133-142,共10页Nonferrous Metals(Extractive Metallurgy)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3901604)。

摘　　要：新能源产业的蓬勃发展持续推动镍冶金产业的发展,红土镍矿等资源在镍生产原料中的占比不断增大。高压酸浸(HPAL)是一种高效的湿法冶金技术,且易与硫酸镍等电池材料产业进行链接,是国内外处理红土镍矿的主流技术。高压反应釜是HPAL工艺的核心设备,但釜体内表面易在红土镍矿浸出过程结垢,该问题严重影响生产连续性,制约生产效率,并潜藏安全风险。通过工业结垢样品解析和浸出结垢试验探究了红土镍矿HPAL过程反应釜结垢机理,提出并验证了结垢调控策略。系统探讨了浆液密度、酸矿比、搅拌速度等关键因素对垢层生长的影响,研究了十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)表面活性剂对抑制垢层生长方面的有效性。结果表明,垢层的主要成因是水合氢铝明矾[(H_(3)O)Al_(3)(SO_(4))_(2)(OH)_(6)]、赤铁矿(Fe_(2)O_(3))等低溶度积物质在釜体内表面快速成核和生长。在优化试验条件下,添加SDBS可有效限制垢层生长速度,同样条件下垢层沉积量从47.47 g显著减少到2 g。研究结果为垢层形成机理解析提供了基础数据,提出并验证了SDBS作为红土镍矿HPAL工艺垢层抑制剂的可行性,系统提升了高压酸浸作业效率。The rapid development of the new energy industry continues to promote the development of the nickel metallurgy industry,and the proportion of resources such as laterite nickel ore is an increasingly large proportion of nickel production raw materials.High-pressure acid leaching(HPAL)is an efficient hydrometallurgical technique that integrates with producing battery materials such as nickel sulfate,the main technology for processing laterite nickel ore domestically and internationally.The autoclave is the core equipment in the HPAL process.However,the inner surface is prone to scaling during the laterite nickel ore leaching process.This serious issue affects production continuity,limits operational efficiency,and poses potential safety risks.The scaling mechanism of the autoclave was investigated through the analysis of industrial scaling samples and scaling experiments,and control strategies for scaling were proposed and experimentally validated.The influence of key factors,such as slurry density,acid-to-ore ratio,and stirring speed,on scaling growth was systematically explored.Furthermore,the effectiveness of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate(SDBS)as a surfactant in inhibiting scale formation was studied.The results indicate that the main cause of the scale layer is the rapid nucleation and growth of low solubility products such as hydronium alunite[(H_(3)O)Al_(3)(SO_(4))_(2)(OH)_(6)]and hematite(Fe_(2)O_(3))on the inner surface of the autoclave.Under optimized experimental conditions,adding SDBS can significantly reduce the scale growth rate,with the scale deposition decreasing from 47.47 grams to 2 grams.This study provides fundamental data for understanding the scaling mechanism in the HPAL process,validates the feasibility of using SDBS as a scale inhibitor for laterite nickel ore leaching,and systematically improves the efficiency of high-pressure acid leaching for laterite nickel ore.

关 键 词：红土镍矿 高压酸浸(HPAL) 结垢 表面活性剂 机理 

分 类 号：TF815[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]