镰仓源氏将军“复合权威”形成、衰落的探析  

Analyzing the Internal Logic Behind the Construction and Decline of"Composite Authority"of the Kamakura Shogunate

作　　者：郑立权 Zheng Liquan(Shanghai International Studies University,China)

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学日本文化经济学院

出　　处：《日语学习与研究》2025年第1期102-114,共13页Journal of Japanese Language Study and Research

摘　　要：基于四类“纯粹权威”的镰仓源氏将军“复合权威”,伴随着中世初期武士阶层的崛起经历了显著的变化。尽管此变化表象繁杂,然其形成和衰落进程却呈现出一定的规律性。即其形成进程基于“父子权威”“主奴权威”,进而对“法官权威”,尤其是“领袖权威”方面进行延展,呈现出一种“由内向外”的完备。反之,其衰落始于“领袖权威”的式微、呈现“由外向内”的衰退进程。在上述历史进程中,一方面“父子权威”推动了“幕前幕后”的统治形态的确立,另一方面以“法官权威”为研究线索,则可知整个中世武家政权的运作均围绕“法官权威”的归属而展开,幕府将军对于“法官权威”的追求,亦推动了近世“绝对服从”主从关系的确立。The"composite authority"of the Kamakura Genji shoguns,based on the four types of"pure authority",underwent significant changes alongside the rise of the early medieval warrior class.Although these changes appear complex,their formation and decline processes exhibit a certain regularity.Specifically,the formation process was based on"father-son authority"and"master-servant authority",which extended to"judicial authority",and particularly to"leader authority",reflecting a process of internal-to-external completeness.Conversely,the decline began with the weakening of"leader authority",following a process of external-to-internal regression.Within this historical process,on the one hand,"father-son authority"promoted the establishment of a dual form of governance,both public and behind-the-scenes;on the other hand,if we trace the development of the entire medieval warrior government through the lens of"judicial authority",it becomes evident that the operation of the shogunate revolved around the ownership of judicial authority.The shogun's pursuit of"judicial authority"also facilitated the establishment of the early modern"absolute obedience"master-servant relationship.

关 键 词：权威 源赖朝 武士 吾妻镜 

分 类 号：E313[军事—军事理论] K313.31[历史地理—历史学]