大麻的化学成分、药理作用和应用  

Chemical Components,Pharmacological Actions,and Applications of Cannabis

作　　者：贾东明[1] 茆京来 JIA Dongming;MAO Jinglai(Key Laboratory of Research on Drug Rehabilitation Technology,Zhejiang Police Vocational College,Hangzhou 310018,Zhejiang,China;Chinese Center for Health Education,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江警官职业学院戒毒矫治技术研究重点实验室,浙江杭州310018 [2]中国健康教育中心,北京100044

出　　处：《中国药物滥用防治杂志》2025年第1期5-12,共8页Chinese Journal of Drug Abuse Prevention and Treatment

基　　金：2022浙江省科技厅软科学项目(编号:2022C35056)。

摘　　要：大麻及其活性成分近年来因其在医学、纺织和食品领域的广泛应用潜力而受到关注。本文综述了大麻的主要化学成分,包括大麻素、萜烯和黄酮类化合物,并重点分析了大麻素在治疗神经系统疾病(如癫痫、帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病)、精神疾病(如焦虑、抑郁)和癌症中的药理作用。医用大麻在缓解癌症疼痛、控制化疗引发的恶心呕吐、增进食欲等方面具有显著效果。然而,受法律限制、临床研究不足、成瘾风险等因素的影响,大麻的医学应用仍面临挑战。未来研究需重点关注其安全性和有效性,以推动大麻在多领域的应用。Cannabis and its active components have recently garnered attention due to their broad potential applications in the fields of medicine,textiles,and food.This paper reviews the main chemical constituents of cannabis,including cannabinoids,terpenes,and flavonoids,with a focus on the pharmacological effects of cannabinoids in treating neurological disorders(such as epilepsy,Parkinson's disease,Alzheimer's disease),psychiatric disorders(such as anxiety,depression),and cancer.Medical cannabis has shown significant efficacy in relieving cancer-related pain,controlling chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting,and increasing appetite.However,challenges remain in the medical use of cannabis due to legal restrictions,insufficient clinical research,and addiction risks.Future research should prioritize the safety and efficacy of cannabis to promote its application across various fields.

关 键 词：大麻 大麻素 药理作用 医用大麻 神经保护 

分 类 号：R28[医药卫生—中药学]