莱州近岸海域春秋季浮游动物优势种生态位及其与环境因子相关性研究  

Study of ecological niche characteristics of dominant zooplankton species and their correlation with environmental factors in the coastal waters of Laizhou in spring and autumn

作　　者：崔雯慧 蒋文良 张德普 李生府 董斌 吕振波 杨继松 任中华 CUI Wenhui;JIANG Wenliang;ZHANG Depu;LI Shengfu;DONG Bin;LYU Zhenbo;YANG Jisong;REN Zhonghua(Institute for Advanced Study of Coastal Ecology,Ludong University,Yantai Shandong 264025,China;Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute,Dalian Liaoning 11602,China;School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Ludong University,Yantai Shandong 264025,China)

机构地区：[1]鲁东大学滨海生态高等研究院,山东烟台264025 [2]辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院,辽宁大连116023 [3]鲁东大学资源与环境工程学院,山东烟台264025

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2025年第1期52-63,共12页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“海洋牧场与海上风电融合发展技术示范”(2019YFD0902104);莱州市-海洋发展与渔业局项目“莱州海洋渔业资源及栖息环境调查与评价”(SDGP370683202002000334)。

摘　　要：为了解莱州近岸海域浮游动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系,基于该海域2020—2021年的春、秋两季24站位浮游动物分析数据,使用优势度、生态位宽度(Bi)和重叠度指数(Oik)以及环境因子相关性分析等方法,研究浮游动物优势种组成及其生态位特征,并探讨造成优势种分化的环境因素。结果表明,两季共采集到浮游动物42种,其中春季优势种10种,秋季优势种9种,共同优势种为桡足类无节幼虫、小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus parvus)、强壮滨箭虫(Aidanosagitta crassa)和双壳类壳顶幼虫,优势种季节更替率73.3%。窄生态位种(B_(i)<0.30)和重叠度值较低的物种对(O_(ik)<0.300)在两季的优势种中占比较高,而春季优势种对之间的生态位重叠度值(0.256)高于秋季(0.193)。春季优势种丰度与水深、盐度和硝酸盐呈显著正相关,但与石油烃类和叶绿素a呈显著负相关;而秋季优势种丰度仅与总氮呈显著正相关;上述环境因子可能是造成本研究优势种生态位分化的重要环境因素,表明优势种生态位存在季节分化。研究结果有助于深入掌握莱州近岸海域生态系统结构和功能的变化规律。The community structure and ecological niche characteristics of the dominant zooplankton species in the coastal waters of Laizhou were investigated based on the sampling and analyzing data in spring and autumn during 2020—2021.Methods including dominance index(Y),niche width(Bi),overlap indexes(O_(ik))and redundancy analysis(RDA)were used to explore the seasonal changes of the niche of the dominant zooplankton species and to elucidate the main environmental factors causing the differentiation of niche of dominant species.The results showed that 42 species of zooplankton were collected in two seasons,including 10 dominant species in spring and 9 in autumn respectively.Additionally,there were four common dominant species in two seasons,including Copepoda nauplius larva,Paracalanus parvus,Aidanosagitta crassa and Bivalvia larva,with a seasonal replacement rate of dominant species of 73.33%.Species with narrow niche(B_(i)<0.30)and low overlap(O_(ik)<0.300)accounted for a high proportion of the dominant species in two seasons.Moreover,the niche overlap value of the dominant species pairs in spring(0.256)was generally higher than that in autumn(0.193).The abundance of the dominant species in spring was significantly positively correlated with water depth,salinity and nitrate,while there were significant negative relationships between the petroleum hydrocarbon compounds as well as chlorophyll a and the abundance of dominant species.However,only total nitrogen was significantly positively correlated with the abundance of dominant species in autumn.These environmental factors could be presumed to be the main factors causing the niche differentiation of the dominant species in this study.These results indicated that there was seasonal differentiation in the niche of the dominant species.The results can be beneficial to deeply understanding the changing patterns of the zooplankton community and their influencing factors in the coastal waters of Laizhou,which can provide support for maintaining the stability of ecosystems.

关 键 词：莱州 浮游动物 优势种 生态位宽度 生态位重叠度 环境因子相关性 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]