长江口邻近水域沉积物中重金属的污染现状及其污染源的识别研究  

Pollution status and source identification of heavy metals in surface sediments of the Yangtze River Estuary

作　　者：李磊[1,2,3,4] 魏天琦[5] 马继坤 信朝忠 蒋玫 陈新军 LI Lei;WEI Tianqi;MA Jikun;XIN Chaozhong;JIANG Mei;CHEN Xinjun(College of Marine Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory for Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources,Ministry of Education,Shanghai 201306,China;National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries,Shanghai 201306,China;East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai 200090,China;Ningbo Yonghuanyuan Environmental Engineering and Technology Co.Ltd.,Ningbo Zhejiang 315000,China;Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation and Information of Hainan Province,Sanya Oceanographic Institution,Ocean University of China,Sanya Hainan 572000,China;Dalian Blue Carbon Engineering Technology Co.Ltd.,Dalian Liaoning 116000,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室,上海201306 [3]国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [4]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,上海200090 [5]宁波市甬环苑环保工程科技有限公司,浙江宁波315000 [6]中国海洋大学三亚海洋研究院海南省海洋立体观测与信息重点实验室,海南三亚572000 [7]大连蓝碳工程技术有限公司,辽宁大连116000

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2025年第1期93-102,共10页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：国家重点研发计划专项(2020YFD0900800)。

摘　　要：根据2022年3月和10月对长江口邻近水域14个调查站位的监测结果,研究了表层沉积物6种重金属(Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Hg、As)的时空分布特征,评价了其污染现状,分析探讨了其影响机理及来源。结果显示,2022年3月,调查海域表层沉积物中6种重金属含量的平均值分别为:Cu(28.23±6.04)mg·kg^(-1),Zn(52.21±17.59)mg·kg^(-1),Pb(25.34±7.56)mg·kg^(-1),Cd(0.67±0.25)mg·kg^(-1),Hg(0.073±0.066)mg·kg^(-1),As(10.79±4.20)mg·kg^(-1);2022年10月,调查海域表层沉积物中6种重金属含量的平均值分别为:Cu(27.52±6.15)mg·kg^(-1),Zn(50.59±18.52)mg·kg^(-1),Pb(19.71±8.56)mg·kg^(-1),Cd(0.64±0.24)mg·kg^(-1),Hg(0.081±0.046)mg·kg^(-1),As(10.97±4.48)mg·kg^(-1)。从时间上看,调查海域表层沉积物中6种重金属含量的季节差异较小;从空间上看,6种重金属含量总体上呈现由近岸向远岸递减的趋势。结果表明,调查海域表层沉积物中6种重金属的污染程度整体较轻,Pb、Cd、As在部分调查站位存在一定的污染。水动力学过程是决定表层沉积物中重金属分布的主要因素,陆源输运是重金属污染的主要来源。Based on monitoring data of fourteen sampling stations in the Yangtze River Estuary in March 2022 and October 2022,spatio-temporal distribution of six heavy metals(Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd,Hg,As)in surface sediments were analyzed.The concentrations,distribution characteristics,pollution evaluation(by the geo-accumulation index Igeo),enrichment degrees and sources of heavy metals were determined.The results showed that,the average contents of six heavy metals in the surface sediments of the survey area in March 2022 were as follows:Cu(28.23±6.04)mg·kg^(-1),Zn(52.21±17.59)mg·kg^(-1),Pb(25.34±7.56)mg·kg^(-1),Cd(0.67±0.25)mg·kg^(-1),Hg(0.073±0.066)mg·kg^(-1),As(10.79±4.20)mg·kg^(-1),the average contents of six heavy metals in the surface sediments of the survey area in October 2022 were as follows:Cu(27.52±6.15)mg·kg^(-1),Zn(50.59±18.52)mg·kg^(-1),Pb(19.71±8.56)mg·kg^(-1),Cd(0.64±0.24)mg·kg^(-1),Hg(0.081±0.046)mg·kg^(-1),As(10.97±4.48)mg·kg^(-1).Seasonal variation in the contents of six heavy metals in surface sediments of the investigated area was small.And the distribution of six heavy metals showed a decreasing trend from the nearshore to the far shore,in addition,the spatial distribution of Hg also showed a punctate distribution feature.The pollution of six heavy metals in the survey area was light as a whole,and Pb,Cd,AS pollution was found in some survey stations.The contamination levels and distribution of heavy metals were greatly influenced by the types of sources and its spatial distribution.Hydrodynamic process was the main factor that determined the distribution of heavy metals,and land-based transport was the main source of heavy metal pollution.The findings can be helpful in effectively managing and controlling heavy metal pollution in the Yangtze River Estuary.

关 键 词：长江口 表层沉积物 污染评价 污染源分析 

分 类 号：S968.1[农业科学—水产养殖]