基于平面波谱展开的毫米波阵列天线近场校准算法  

Near-Field Calibration Algorithm for Millimeter-Wave Array Antennas Based on Plane Wave Expansion

作　　者：唐元华 王正鹏[1] TANG Yuanhua;WANG Zhengpeng(School of Electronic and Information Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学,北京100191

出　　处：《遥测遥控》2025年第2期124-128,共5页Journal of Telemetry,Tracking and Command

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFB2902403)。

摘　　要：随着无线通信技术的发展,人们对天线提出了高频、小型化、强定向性的要求,以支持未来更高的数据传输速率。由于毫米波芯片、多天线阵列中固有的通道幅度和相位差,使用过程中受温度特性、老化等因素影响,会产生附加幅度相位差。为消除通道间幅度相位差对波束控制的影响,本文提出一种基于平面波谱展开的近场校准算法。基于平面波谱理论构建待测阵列天线与探头之间的信号模型,通过该信号模型建立校准测量的虚拟信号,并将虚拟信号与实测信号作比较。通过遗传算法优化虚拟信号和实测信号的差别,当其达到最小值时,求解出毫米波阵列天线的初始激励。为验证该校准算法的有效性,文中对一个四单元的毫米波线阵进行了校准测量,其中探头扫描范围约为1/3阵列天线口径。所得幅度校准误差范围为±0.43 dB,相位校准误差范围为±4.6°,实现了高精度的校准。The development of wireless communication technology has imposed strict requirements on antennas,including high-frequency operation,miniaturization,and strong directivity,to support higher data transmission rates in the future.Due to inherent amplitude and phase differences among channels in millimeter-wave chips and multi-antenna arrays,as well as additional amplitude and phase differences caused by factors such as temperature characteristics and aging during operation,beamforming accuracy can be significantly degraded.To mitigate the impact of inter-channel amplitude and phase differences on beam control,this paper proposes a near-field calibration algorithm based on plane wave spectrum expansion.The algorithm constructs a signal model between the antenna under test(AUT)and the probe using plane wave spectrum theory.Based on this model,a virtual signal for calibration measurement is generated and compared with the measured signal.A genetic algorithm is used to optimize the difference between the virtual and measured signals,and the initial excitations of the millimeter-wave array antenna are determined when the difference reaches its minimum.To validate the effectiveness of the proposed calibration algorithm,a four-element millimeter-wave linear array was calibrated.The probe scanning range was approximately one-third of the array aperture.The obtained amplitude calibration error range was±0.43 dB,and the phase calibration error range was±4.6°,achieving high-precision calibration.

关 键 词：毫米波阵列天线 近场校准算法 平面波谱展开 

分 类 号：V556.1[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程] TN953[电子电信—信号与信息处理]