基于电纺纳米纤维的摩擦纳米发电机的发展与前景  

Development and prospects of triboelectric nanogenerators based on electrospun nanofibers

作　　者：刘美利 张葆龙 邹海华 陈超余 LIU Meili;ZHANG Baolong;ZOU Haihua;CHEN Chaoyu(School of Textile Science and Engineering,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214000,Jiangsu;Suzhou Meishan Clothing Co.Ltd,Souzhou 215000,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]江南大学纺织科学与工程学院,江苏无锡214000 [2]苏州美山子制衣有限公司,江苏苏州215000

出　　处：《纺织高校基础科学学报》2025年第1期61-72,共12页Basic Sciences Journal of Textile Universities

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金(52303055);江苏省自然科学青年基金(BK20221094);中国博士后科学基金第4批特别资助(站前)(2022TQ0123)。

摘　　要：随着可穿戴技术的发展,高效能源供应成为关键问题,摩擦纳米发电机(TENG)作为新型能量收集技术备受关注。传统织物基TENG虽具柔性,但输出性能有限,基于电纺纳米纤维的TENG应运而生,其纳米纤维膜可提升能量转换效率,在多领域潜力巨大。综述了电纺纳米纤维基TENG的发展现状,涵盖其构建方式、提高摩擦电性能的机理与方法(包括纳米纤维材料选择、结构设计和器件结构优化),以及在仿生、健康检测、可穿戴设备等领域的应用,研究发现,通过材料优化、结构调控等策略可有效提升其性能。综上,电纺纳米纤维基TENG虽取得进展,但仍需面临着诸多挑战。未来应聚焦开发复合型设备、引入先进算法技术、探索与其他装置结合的新模式,并寻找新制造方法降低成本,以推动其更广泛应用,为可穿戴技术及相关领域发展提供有力支撑。With the development of wearable technologies,efficient energy supply becomes critical.In this context,triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG),as a novel energy harvesting technology,has attracted much attention due to its ability to efficiently convert mechanical energy from the surrounding environment into electrical energy.Although the traditional fabric-based TENG has met the flexibility requirements of wearable devices,its output performance is limited.To solve this problem,electrospun nanofiber-based TENG has emerged.Nanofiber membranes prepared through electrospun technology not only maintain the softness of fabrics,but also significantly improve the energy conversion efficiency,showing great potential in the fields of smart wearables and health monitoring.This paper summarizes the latest advances in this technology,discusses the performance enhancement strategies and application prospects,and aims to provide strong support for the continuous development of wearable technology.

关 键 词：摩擦纳米发电机 静电纺丝 纤维基 柔性可穿戴 自供电 

分 类 号：TS101.8[轻工技术与工程—纺织工程]