超声波技术在建筑裂缝检测与表征中的应用  

Application of Ultrasonic Technology in Detection and Characterization of Building Cracks

作　　者：张涛 吴波 张佳惠 ZHANG Tao;WU Bo;ZHANG Jiahui(Gansu Hengchang Engineering Quality Inspection Co.,Ltd.,Jingtai 730400,Gansu China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃恒昌工程质量检测有限责任公司,甘肃景泰730400

出　　处：《工程与试验》2025年第1期38-40,103,共4页Engineering and Test

摘　　要：针对用超声波检测高层建筑裂缝时存在衍射信号过低难以区分噪声的情况,提出了一种基于衍射时差(TOFD)的超声波裂缝自动检测与表征方法。利用TOFD方法定位建筑裂缝的缺陷部分并测定缺陷尺寸,运用稀疏矩阵替代超声波成像方式,从而提高图像的信噪比。通过分谱处理稀疏矩阵及应用Hough随机变换,描述双曲线顶端位置,表征裂缝位置。试验结果表明,该方法能够精确检测、定位、测定高层建筑裂缝的位置。本研究提供了一种自动检测建筑裂缝缺陷的无损方法。Aiming at the problem that the diffraction signal is too low to distinguish the noise in the ultrasonic detection of cracks in high-rise building,an automatic ultrasonic crack detection and characterization method based on time-of-flight diffraction(TOFD)is proposed.The TOFD method is used to locate the defect part of building crack and determine the defect size.The sparse matrix is used to replace the ultrasonic imaging method to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the image.Spectral processing is applied to the sparse matrix,and the Hough random transform is used to characterize the crack location by describing the top position of the hyperbola.The test results show that the method can accurately detect,locate and determine the location of cracks in high-rise buildings.This study provides a nondestructive method for automatic detection of crack defects in buildings.

关 键 词：稀疏矩阵 超声波检测 TOFD 裂缝表征 

分 类 号：TU317[建筑科学—结构工程]