博物馆地震响应监测中震相初至实时拾取方法研究  

Study on the Method of Real-Time Picking up the First Break of Seismic Phase in Museum Response Monitoring

作　　者：朱红光[1] 梁世波 白晓彬 许臣 ZHU Hongguang;LIANG Shibo;BAI Xiaobin;XU Chen(School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),Beijing,China;Central Research Institute of Building and Construction Co.,Ltd,MCC Group,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)力学与建筑工程学院,北京 [2]中冶建筑研究总院有限公司,北京

出　　处：《太原理工大学学报》2025年第2期191-198,共8页Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1521000);北京市自然科学基金项目(8164061);国家自然科学基金项目(51578539);中央高校基本科研业务费优秀青年项目(2020YQLJ03);中国矿业大学(北京)“越崎青年学者”项目(800015Z11A23)。

摘　　要：【目的】地震初至的实时自动拾取是地震响应监测中的一个关键问题,也是实现地震预警、发出地震警报并启动应急反应系统的基础和前提。针对博物馆环境复杂、信号非平稳、低信噪比、非周期等特点,提出了一种地震初至自动识别的实时拾取算法。【方法】将博物馆可能存在的振动信号,与不同烈度、不同场地等条件下的地震信号进行对比分析,利用二者之间的差异对地震初至进行实时拾取。首先,将信号进行小波包分解重构,用非递归滤波器阈值降噪法对含噪音地震数据进行降噪处理,提高信号信噪比,然后使用改进后的长短时窗均值比法(STA/LTA)求取地震初至时刻。并通过四川泸定6.8级地震中在甘孜藏族博物馆采集到的振动信号进行拾取验证。【结果】结果分析表明,相较于传统的地震初至拾取无论是在初至到时的拾取还是对于噪音的压制都有较大水平的提高,实现了在地震波达到后的前0.2 s内准确识别地震的到来,证明了本文方法的可靠性。【Purposes】Real-time automatic pickup of earthquake first arrival is a key problem in earthquake monitoring,and is also the basis and premise for realizing earthquake early warning,sending out earthquake alarm,and starting emergency response system.On the basis of characteristics of complex museum environment,low signal-to-noise ratio,non-stationary,and aperiodic signals,a real-time picking algorithm for automatic recognition of earthquake first break was proposed.【Methods】The vibration signals that may exist in the museum were compared with the seismic signals under different intensities,different sites,and other conditions,and the difference between them is used to pick up the first arrival of the earthquake in real time.First,the signal was decomposed and reconstructed by wavelet packet,and the noisy seismic data was de-noised by the non-recursive filter threshold de-noising method to improve the signal-to-noise ratio,and then the short-term average over long-term average(STA/LTA)was used to calculate the first arrival time of the earthquake.The vibration signals collected in the Ganzi Tibetan Museum during the Luding 6.8 earthquake in Sichuan were picked up and verified.【Findings】The result analysis shows that compared with traditional seismic first arrival pickup,both the pickup at the first arrival time and the suppression of noise have a greater level of improvement,which realizes the accurate identification of the arrival of earthquake within the first 0.2 s after the arrival of seismic wave,and proves the reliability of the method in this paper.

关 键 词：地震初至 长短时窗均值比法 时频分析 小波包分析 

分 类 号：P631.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]