闪蒸纺丝减压式喷头结构优化数值模拟  

Numerical simulation of structural optimization for flash spinning decompression nozzles

作　　者：刘帅飞 夏磊[1] 杨友强 西鹏[2] 魏金刚 黄赞义 Liu Shuaifei;Xia Lei;Yang Youqiang;Xi Peng;Wei Jingang;Huang Zanyi(School of Textile Science and Engineering,Tiangong University,Tianjin 300387,China;School of Material Science and Engineering,Tiangong University,Tianjin 300387,China;National Engineering Laboratory for Plastic Modification and Processing,Kingfa Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510520,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]天津工业大学纺织科学与工程学院,天津300387 [2]天津工业大学材料科学与工程学院,天津300387 [3]金发科技股份有限公司塑料改性与加工国家工程实验室,广东广州510520

出　　处：《产业用纺织品》2025年第1期22-34,共13页Technical Textiles

摘　　要：为优化闪蒸纺丝减压式喷头结构,以公开的闪蒸减压式喷头结构为基础,构建多种结构参数的几何模型,然后利用Fluent软件模拟计算闪蒸纺丝液在不同结构参数喷头内的流动状态与运动轨迹,分析纺丝液的速度及压力的分布与变化趋势,并结合闪蒸纺丝过程中的相分离原理、气泡成核原理等,得到不同减压式喷头结构对纺丝液速度、压力及涡量的影响。结果表明:喷头结构不变,改变纺丝液的初始压力,减压率不变;减压孔内径与喷丝孔内径之比决定了闪蒸纺丝液的压降幅度,内径比相同,减压率也相同。在初始压力12 MPa的纺丝条件下,为减少能量损耗,保持纺丝液的均匀流动性及提高纺丝液成核质量,减压孔内径与喷丝孔内径之比以1.2为最佳,减压孔出射角度与喷丝孔入射角度分别以90°和100°为最佳,减压室内径和长度分别以30 mm和70 mm为最佳。研究结果可从理论角度指导优化闪蒸纺丝工艺,为闪蒸纺丝减压式喷头结构优化提供参考。In order to optimize the structure of flash spinning decompression nozzles,based on the structure of disclosed flash spinning decompression nozzle,the geometrical models with various structural parameters were constructed,and then the flow states and movement trajectories of flash spinning solutions in the nozzles with different structural parameters were simulated and calculated by using the Fluent software,to analyze the distribution and change trends of the velocity and pressure of the spinning solutions.And combining with the principle of phase separation and bubble nucleation in the flash spinning process,the effects of different decompression nozzle structures on the velocity,pressure and vorticity of spinning solutions were obtained.The results showed that,with the nozzle structure remaining unchanged,changing the initial pressure of the spinning solution,the decompression rate remained unchanged.The ratio of the inner diameter of decompression orifice to the inner diameter of spinneret orifice determined the magnitude of flash spinning solution pressure reduction.When the inner diameter ratio was the same,the decompression rate was also the same.Under the spinning condition with an initial pressure of 12 MPa,in order to reduce the energy loss,maintain the uniform flow of the spinning solution and improve the nucleation quality of the spinning solution,the optimal ratio of the inner diameter of decompression orifice to the inner diameter of spinneret orifice was 1.2.And the optimal injection angle of decompression orifice and the incidence angle of spinneret orifice were 90°and 100°,respectively.Additionally,the optimal inner diameter and length of decompression chamber were 30 mm and 70 mm,respectively.The research results can guide the optimization of flash spinning process from theoretical point of view,and provide references for the structural optimization of decompression nozzles for flash spinning.

关 键 词：闪蒸纺丝 减压式喷头 结构优化 数值模拟 减压室 纺丝液 速度 压力 涡量 

分 类 号：TS174.8[轻工技术与工程—纺织材料与纺织品设计]