刻芽对设施冬枣生长发育的影响  

Effects of Carving Buds on the Growth and Development of Winter Jujube in Facilities

作　　者：崔钰雪 吴玉蓉 张栋海 牛蛉磊 吉光鹏 常心怡 CUI Yu-xue;WU Yu-rong;ZHANG Dong-hai(Institute of Agricultural Science,Third Division,Xinjiang Production and Construc-tion Corps,Tumushuke,Xinjiang 843900)

机构地区：[1]新疆生产建设兵团第三师农业科学研究所,新疆图木舒克843900

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2025年第5期43-48,共6页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：第三师图木舒克市人才项目(冬枣技术研发工作站);2023年第二批自治区“天山英才”培养计划-基层科技骨干人才项目;第三师科技创新人才项目(KJ203CX03)。

摘　　要：[目的]通过分析不同时期、不同处理的刻芽具体措施对冬枣成枝率及枝叶生长特性的影响,以期找出较适宜冬枣刻芽的具体实施参数。[方法]以设施冬枣为研究对象,研究不同部位刻芽(中心干和主枝第1、2、3枣股),不同刻口长度刻芽[中心干进行径围为1/3、1/2、1(环割)],不同时间刻芽(萌芽前5、10、15 d)等具体措施对冬枣萌芽率、成枝率、新枝长、新枝径粗、叶片数、叶绿素荧光特性等的影响。[结果]在冬枣树体萌芽前5 d对主枝第3枣股进行径围1/2及以上刻口长度的刻芽时,能够有效提高其成枝率,促进新枝径粗及长势。另外,刻芽显著提升了新叶的荧光产量、光捕获能力、光化学效率,改善了冬枣叶片的光合性能,能促进冬枣成枝率及新生枝、叶的快速生长。[结论]在冬枣树体萌芽前5 d对主枝第3枣股进行径围1/2及以上刻口长度的刻芽,可显著提高刻芽效果。[Objective]To analyze the effects of specific measures for bud cutting at different stages and treatments on the branching rate and leaf growth characteristics of winter jujube trees,in order to identify the most suitable implementation parameters for bud cutting of winter ju-jube trees.[Method]This experiment takes the facility jujube as the research object,and determines the effects of different parts of carving buds(the 1st,2nd and 3rd date strand of the central stem and main branch),different lengths of carving buds(the central stem is 1/3,1/2 and 1(ring cut)),and different times of carving buds(5 d,10 d and 15 d before budding)on branch growth and development characteristics such as budding rate of jujube trees,branching rate,length of new branch,diameter and thickness of new branch,number of leaf blades,chlorophyll and so on.[Result]When the 3rd strand of the main branch was budged at 1/2 of the diameter circumference and above the length of the inci-sion 5 d before the budding of winter jujube trees,it could effectively increase the branching rate,and promote the diameter thickness and length of the new branches.In addition,the bud-scoring also significantly enhanced the fluorescence yield,light capture capacity and photo-chemical efficiency of new leaves,improved the photosynthetic performance of jujube leaves,and promoted the branching rate of jujube trees as well as the rapid growth of new branches and leaves.[Conclusion]Carving the 3rd date strand of the main branch at 5d before the budding of winter jujube tree can significantly improve the effect of carving.

关 键 词：刻芽 冬枣 萌芽率 叶绿素荧光 生长特性 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]