果园生草条件下土壤与近地层空气温湿度特征研究  

Study on the Air Temperature and Humidity Characteristics of Soil and Near-surface Layer Under Grass Growing Conditions in Or-chard

作　　者：李晓龙[1] 马军 褚燕南 岳海英[1] 王芳 刘婷 岳芬芬 李元 吴昊 贾永华[1] 田建文[5] LI Xiao-long;MA Jun;CHU Yan-nan(Institute of Horticulture,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750002)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院园艺研究所,宁夏银川750002 [2]宁夏农产品质量标准与检测技术研究所,宁夏银川750002 [3]沙坡头区林业技术推广服务中心,宁夏中卫755000 [4]宁夏回族自治区农业综合开发中心,宁夏银川750001 [5]宁夏农林科学院,宁夏银川750002

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2025年第5期56-63,共8页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2021BBF02014);农业农村部现代苹果产业技术体系银川苹果综合试验站项目(CARS-27);宁夏农林科学院“十四五”农业高质量发展和生态保护科技创新示范项目(NGSB-2021-1-01);宁夏回族自治区农业科技自主创新专项(NKYG-19-03);宁夏回族自治区优秀青年基金项目(2024AAC05077)

摘　　要：[目的]明确不同生草种类下土壤与近地层空气温湿度的变化特征,为果园生草技术推广提供理论依据。[方法]基于田间随机区组试验设计,采选黑麦草、苜蓿、高羊茅、长柔毛野豌豆4种抗旱、抗寒功能草种,结合自然生草,以清耕为对照,分析不同生草品种、不同季节下果园土壤及近地层空气温湿度的变化特征。[结果]在春季和夏季高温期,生草栽培下0~40 cm土壤中播种苜蓿和长柔毛野豌豆土壤含水量较高,生草栽培下0~20、>20~40、>40~60 cm土壤中长柔毛野豌豆、苜蓿、高羊茅处理土壤温度降低率总体较高。在夏季高温期,种植苜蓿或长柔毛野豌豆可使近地层空气温度降低1.5℃左右,使空气湿度增加11.82%以上。[结论]相较于清耕,果园行间播种苜蓿和长柔毛野豌豆可明显增加土壤及近地层空气湿度,降低土壤与近地层空气温度。在春季,果园生草主要通过减小土壤昼夜温差来调控果树生长发育。在夏季高温期,果园生草则主要通过抑制土壤水分散失,增加空气湿度来减少高温干旱对果树生长发育的不良影响。[Objective]To clarify the variation characteristics of soil and near-surface air temperature and humidity under different grass spe-cies,and to provide theoretical basis for the promotion of grass technology in orchards.[Method]Based on the design of randomized field ex-periment,four kinds of drought-resistant and cold-resistant grass species(Lolium perenne,Medicago sativa,Festuca arundinacea,Vicia sepi-um)were selected,combined with natural grass and clear tillage as the control,to analyze the characteristics of soil and air temperature and humidity changes in orchard under different grass varieties and different seasons.[Result]In the spring and summer high temperature periods,the soil water content of Medicago sativa and Vicia sepium planted in 0-40 cm soil under grass cultivation was higher;the overall temperature reduction rate of Vicia sepium,Medicago sativa and Festuca arundinacea in 0-20,>20-40 and>40-60 cm was relatively high.In the summer high temperature period,planting Medicago sativa or Vicia sepium could reduce the near-surface air temperature by 1.5℃and increase the air humidity by more than 11.82%.[Conclusion]Compared with clear tillage,interrow sowing of Medicago sativa and Vicia sepium can significant-ly increase soil and near-surface air humidity,and decrease soil and near-surface air temperature.In spring,orchard grasses regulate the growth and development of fruit trees mainly by reducing the temperature difference between day and night.In the summer high temperature period,orchard grass mainly reduces the adverse effects of high temperature and drought on the growth and development of fruit trees by inhibi-ting soil water loss and increasing air humidity.

关 键 词：果园生草 土壤 近地层 温湿度 变化特征 宁夏引黄灌区 

分 类 号：S66[农业科学—果树学]