减氮配施有机肥对小麦衰老进程及产量的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Reduction Combined with Organic Fertilizer on Aging Process and Yield of Wheat

作　　者：汪康康 张鹏 王静静 王素霞 杜洪艳 WANG Kang-kang;ZHANG Peng;WANG Jing-jing(Institute of Modern Agriculture Research,Jiangsu Provincial Agricultural Reclamation and Development Corporation,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210031)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农垦农业发展股份有限公司现代农业研究院,江苏南京210031

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2025年第5期128-132,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：[目的]探明减氮配施有机肥对小麦衰老进程及产量的影响,以及合适的减氮配施有机肥比例。[方法]结合主成分分析法和隶属度函数法新构建了能定量表达小麦生长状态的植被生长指数(vegetation growth index,VGI),通过分析不同处理下小麦不同农艺性状参数、产量性状参数的变化规律,对减氮配施有机肥对小麦衰老进程及产量的影响进行评价。[结果]基肥减15%~20%的氮肥配施5250~6000 kg/hm^(2)的有机肥作底肥,能够获得优于对照(CK1)的农艺性状表现,接近对照(CK1)的有效穗数,并对小麦千粒重产生一定的正向作用,从而在产量上表现出一定优势,同时还能延缓小麦生育后期的衰老进程。[结论]通过研究减氮配施有机肥对小麦衰老进程及产量的影响,明确了减少氮肥配施有机肥的最佳比例,能够为减少化肥用量,改善耕作土壤理化特性,培肥地力提供技术支撑。[Objective]To explore the effects of nitrogen reduction combined with organic fertilizer on the senescence process and yield of wheat,as well as the appropriate proportion of nitrogen reduction combined with organic fertilizer.[Method]Combining principal component analysis(PCA)and membership function method,a new vegetation growth index was constructed to quantitatively express the growth status of wheat.The effects of nitrogen reduction combined with organic fertilizer on aging process and yield of wheat were evaluated by analyzing the variation of agronomic and yield parameters under different treatments.[Result]The results showed that nitrogen fertilizer with a 15%-20%reduction in base fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer of 5250-6000 kg/hm^(2) as base fertilizer can achieve better agronomic performance than the control,close to the effective number of ears per mu of the control,and have a certain positive effect on the thousand grain weight of wheat,thus showing a certain advantage in yield.At the same time,it can also delay the aging process in the later stage of wheat growth.[Conclusion]By studying the effects of nitrogen reduction combined with organic fertilizer on the senescence process and yield of wheat,the best proportion of nitrogen reduction combined with organic fertilizer was determined,which can provide certain technical support for reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer and improving the physical and chemical characteristics of cultivated soil to cultivate fertility.

关 键 词：小麦 有机肥 主成分分析 隶属度函数 植被生长指数 产量模型 

分 类 号：S318[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]