Green revolution gene drives adaptation of Arabidopsis to the extremely high altitude  

作　　者：Xing-Hui Hou Yong-Chao Xu Tianshu Sun Yan-Bo Gong Xin-Tong Li Guang-Teng Jin Yu-Tao Bian Yi-Ni Liu Juan Jiang Xiao-Min Niu Hongya Gu Ya-Long Guo 

机构地区：[1]State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China [2]China National Botanical Garden,Beijing 100093,China [3]State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research,School of Life Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China [4]College of Life Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China

出　　处：《Science China(Life Sciences)》2025年第3期859-870,共12页中国科学(生命科学英文版)

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31925004 and 32430008 to Y.-L.G.,and 32100175 to Y.-C.X.);CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-078 to Y.-C.X.)。

摘　　要：To elucidate the process of adaptation,particularly the traits subject to natural selection and the molecular mechanisms underlying their natural variation,is one of the primary objectives of evolutionary biology.The uplifted landscape offers an excellent framework for understanding how organisms adapt to dramatic climatic gradients.To investigate the genetic basis of plant adaptation to the extremely high altitude,we first compared the genomic and phenotypic variations of two closely related Arabidopsis thaliana accessions from high altitude(Xizang,also known as“Tibet”)and low altitude(Yunnan),respectively.The Xizang population represents a relict group characterized by a small effective population size.Notably,the Xizang genome has more transposable elements(TEs)and more gene loss-offunction(LoF)mutations.Differentially expressed genes were enriched in biological processes of cellular response to oxygen-containing compound,regulation of defense response,and response to light intensity.Intriguingly,the phenotypic selection analysis revealed that silique density was under natural selection.Furthermore,we genetically mapped and validated that the LoF mutation of GA20ox1,the homologous gene of green revolution in rice,resulted in a higher silique density in Xizang Arabidopsis.Given that GA20ox1 is linked to Arabidopsis adaptation to the Alps Mountains,its parallel evolution plays an important role in the adaptation to Alpine habitats.Overall,our results highlight that identifying adaptive traits and elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying natural variation of these traits is crucial for unraveling the mystery of adaptive evolution and has significant implications for crop breeding.

关 键 词：ADAPTATION adaptive trait Arabidopsis thaliana high altitude molecular mechanism natural variation parallel evolution 

分 类 号：Q94[生物学—植物学]