碲化锡基热电材料的研究进展  

Research progress of tin telluride based thermoelectric materials

作　　者：庞慧梅 王华才[1] Huimei Pang;Huacai Wang(China Institute of Atomic Energy,Beijing 102413,China)

机构地区：[1]中国原子能科学研究院,北京102413

出　　处：《科学通报》2025年第6期645-654,共10页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：中核集团青年英才基金(FY020260623317)资助。

摘　　要：热电材料能够实现热能与电能的直接相互转换,展现出在极端环境条件下的出色性能,是重要的新型能源材料之一.传统的PbTe以其卓越的电子和声子输运特性在中温区热电转换领域占据着主导地位,然而铅毒性涉及的环境问题正促使热电材料向无铅路线发展.作为PbTe的潜在替代者,SnTe近年来引起了热电领域研究者的广泛关注.众多新技术与策略被应用于改善SnTe材料电输运与热输运性能,使SnTe热电性能实现了大幅提高.尽管距离替代PbTe并实现工业化应用仍有较大差距,但SnTe依然显示出作为卓越中温区热电材料的巨大潜力.本文介绍了SnTe材料的内在非化学计量特点以及热电输运特性,综述了在p型SnTe半导体中成功应用的载流子浓度优化、能带工程、能量过滤和声子工程等性能优化策略,并总结了近年来对n型SnTe材料和全SnTe基热电器件的探索工作.最后,对SnTe热电材料的研究进展进行了总结,并对其今后的研究方向提出了展望.The energy problem is a significant factor constraining the development of human society.Seeking cleaner and more sustainable new energy sources has become a crucial direction in contemporary academic research and industrial development.Thermoelectric materials,which can directly convert heat energy into electric energy and vice versa,have garnered widespread attention due to their simple structure,noiseless operation,pollution-free nature,and high reliability.Unlike solar and wind energy,which require specific external conditions,heat energy is ubiquitous,enabling thermoelectric devices to be applied in a wide range of fields,including extreme environments such as deep space,oceans,deep seas,and deserts,thus supporting energy supply in these areas.Among mid-temperature thermoelectric materials,PbTe boasts the best thermoelectric performance and the most mature development.However,the toxicity of lead limits its broader application.SnTe,with its environmental friendliness as well as the same crystal structure and similar band structure with PbTe,is considered a potential alternative.Nonetheless,the thermoelectric performance of pristine SnTe is inherently inferior to that of PbTe for some reasons.Intitially,SnTe suffers from high hole carrier concentration due to its numerous Sn vacancies in the lattice,which leads to a low Seebeck coefficient and a high electronic thermal conductivity.Additionally,compared to PbTe,SnTe has a smaller band gap between the conduction and valence bands,and a larger energy offset between the light and heavy valence bands.The heavy valence band contributes minimally to electrical transport,which limits the Seebeck coefficient and negatively impacts the thermoelectric figure of merit(ZT).Many research efforts have been dedicated to addressing these issues and optimizing the thermoelectric properties of p-type SnTe,yielding a series of significant results.By regulating intrinsic defects or doping with external elements,the carrier concentration of p-type SnTe can be effectively reduced,

关 键 词：热电材料 SnTe SEEBECK系数 晶格热导率 热电优值(ZT) 

分 类 号：TB34[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]