Recent advances in wearable electrochemical sensors for in situ detection of biochemical markers  

可穿戴电化学传感器在生化标志物原位检测领域的最新研究进展

作　　者：Yanli Jiao Xinge Yu 焦艳丽;于欣格

机构地区：[1]Department of Biomedical Engineering,City University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong 999077,China [2]Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering(COCHE),Hong Kong 999077,China

出　　处：《Science China Materials》2025年第3期755-774,共20页中国科学(材料科学)(英文版)

基　　金：supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3205600);Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region(RFS2324-1S03);National Natural Science Foundation of China(62122002);The City University of Hong Kong(9667221,9667246,9680322,and 9667199);in part of the InnoHK Project on Project 2.2—AI-based 3D ultrasound imaging algorithm at Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering(COCHE).

摘　　要：In recent years,wearable electrochemical sensors have been widely used for biochemical analysis.These sensors,which incorporate flexible electrodes and sensitive recognition elements on a flexible substrate,facilitate the noninvasive,in-situ,real-time,and continuous monitoring of target biochemical molecules in biofluids while maintaining high selectivity and sensitivity.This review provides a comprehensive examination of the principles guiding the selection of core components and the recent advances in wearable electrochemical sensors for biochemical markers in recent years.Initially,we outline the essential considerations in designing wearable sensors to detect biomarkers in biofluids,including sampling techniques,material selection,design parameters,recognition elements,sensing strategies,power requirements,data processing,and sensor integration.We emphasize the improved efficacy of recognition elements,which has been significantly enhanced by biotechnology and materials science developments,facilitating selective and sensitive detection of target components within complex matrices.Concurrently,incorporating nanomaterials and conductive polymers(CPs)has markedly improved the sensing capabilities of flexible electronics.Subsequently,we investigate recent progress in situ detection of biochemical markers utilizing wearable electrochemical sensors that employ advanced materials,optimized mechanical structures,and various conduction mechanisms.The notable applications stemming from these technological innovations illustrate significant improvements in sensitivity,reliability,and monitoring capabilities of wearable electrochemical sensors while enhancing user comfort.Finally,we address the current challenges and future perspectives regarding implementing clinically oriented wearable electrochemical sensors for disease monitoring and personalized medicine.近年来,可穿戴电化学传感器在生化分析领域得到了广泛应用.这些传感器通过将柔性电极和敏感识别元件集成于柔性衬底上,实现了对生物流体中目标生化分子的非侵入性、原位、实时及连续监测,并保持了高选择性和灵敏度.本文综述了近年来用于生化标志物检测的可穿戴电化学传感器的核心元件选择原则及其最新进展.首先,我们概述了设计用于检测生物流体中生物标志物的可穿戴传感器的基本考虑因素,包括采样技术、材料选择、设计参数、识别元素、传感策略、功率需求、数据处理及传感器集成.生物技术和材料科学的进步显著提升了识别元件的效率,从而在复杂基质中实现了对目标成分的选择性和灵敏检测.此外,纳米材料与导电聚合物的结合显著增强了柔性电子器件的传感能力.随后,我们探讨了可穿戴电化学传感器对生化标志物进行原位检测的最新进展.这些传感器利用先进材料、优化机械结构及采用多种传导机制制备来实现对不同生物标志物的筛选和检测.这些技术创新不仅提高了用户舒适度,还在灵敏度、可靠性和监测能力方面取得了显著进步.最后,我们讨论了当前面临的挑战及未来前景,旨在实现临床导向的可穿戴电化学传感器,以支持疾病监测和个性化医疗.

关 键 词：wearable sensors ELECTROCHEMICAL biochemical markers in situ NON-INVASIVE 

分 类 号：TP2[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]