流动人口视角下的城市包容性与区域财富差异  

Urban Inclusiveness and Regional Wealth Disparity:A Chinese Floating Population Perspective

作　　者：张怡佳 朱竑[1,2,3] 姜磊 ZHANG Yijia;ZHU Hong;JIANG Lei(School of Management,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006,Guangdong,China;School of Geography and Remote Sensing,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006,Guangdong,China;Center for Human Geography and Urban Development,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]广州大学管理学院,中国广东广州510006 [2]广州大学地理科学与遥感学院,中国广东广州510006 [3]广州大学华南人文地理与城市发展中心,中国广东广州510006

出　　处：《经济地理》2025年第1期100-111,共12页Economic Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42430515、42201256、42301257);国家社会科学基金重大项目(21&ZD179);广东乡村地域系统野外科学观测研究站项目(2021B1212050026)。

摘　　要：文章基于中国231个城市的面板数据,运用主成分分析法从经济、社会、文化和生态4个角度综合构建城市包容性指标,并从流动人口中技能型工人和非技能型工人对公共服务的付费意愿、流动人口的创业行为两个角度探究了城市包容性对区域财富差距的影响效应。最后,为了验证研究结论的稳健性,采用中国流动人口动态监测调查数据,从普惠型社会保障、民生型社会保障、社区公共服务和城市吸引力4个维度构建城市包容性指标,探究了其对区域财富差距的影响。结果表明:①较高程度的城市包容性有利于降低区域财富差距水平——这一效应在经过内生性处理后仍然存在;②异质性分析结果表明,城市包容性对区域财富差异的缓解效应在大城市中更为显著;③包容性较高的城市可以提高技能型工人的支付意愿,而非技能型工人则对城市包容性不敏感;④城市包容性的提升可以显著改善流动人口的创业倾向。文章的实证结果表明城市包容性的改善在降低区域财富差距方面的重要作用。基于此,政府有必要采取一系列举措来促进城市包容性水平的提升。Based on the panel data from 231 prefecture-level cities in China,this paper uses the principal component analysis to construct urban inclusiveness index system from four perspectives:economic,social,cultural,and ecological.It also explores the effects of urban inclusiveness on regional wealth disparity from two perspectives:the willingness to pay for public services between skilled and unskilled migrant workers,and the entrepreneurial behavior of the migrant population.To verify the robustness of the study findings,this paper adopts the data of China Migrants Dynamic Survey to construct an urban inclusiveness index system from four dimensions:inclusive social security,livelihood-based social security,community public services,and urban attractiveness,and explores their effects on regional wealth disparity.The empirical estimation results show that:1)A higher degree of urban inclusiveness is conducive to reducing the level of regional wealth disparity.2)The analysis of heterogeneity reveals that the mitigating effect of urban inclusiveness on regional wealth disparity is more pronounced in large cities.3)More inclusive cities can increase the willingness of skilled workers to pay,while unskilled workers remain insensitive to urban inclusiveness.4)An increase in urban inclusiveness can significantly improve the entrepreneurial propensity of the migrant population.The empirical findings and policy recommendations of this paper point to the critical role of improved urban inclusiveness in reducing regional wealth disparity,and it is necessary for the government to take a series of measures to promote the improvement of urban inclusiveness level.

关 键 词：城市包容性 财富差距 流动人口 技能型工人 创业行为 社会保障 区域发展 

分 类 号：F293.1[经济管理—国民经济]