内蒙古自治区2006―2020年长爪沙鼠疫源地动物间鼠疫流行病学  

Epidemiological analysis of plague among animals in epidemic focus of meriones unguiculatus in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2006 to 2020

作　　者：刘丹[1] 白钢[1] 王琪[1] 孙雪松 康宁铄 安馨远 李乃哲 王文瑞 李建云 刘铮然[1] LIU Dan;BAI Gang;WANG Qi;SUN Xuesong;KANG Ningshuo;AN Xinyuan;LI Naizhe;WANG Wenrui;LI Jianyun;LIU Zhengran(Baotou Medical College of Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology,Baotou 014000,China;School of National Safety and Emergency Management,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Pestis and Bubonic Disease Prevention and Control Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Comprehensive Disease Prevention and Control,Hohhot 010031,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古科技大学包头医学院,包头014000 [2]北京师范大学国家安全与应急管理学院,北京100875 [3]内蒙古自治区综合疾病预防控制中心鼠疫与布病预防控制所,呼和浩特010031

出　　处：《中华疾病控制杂志》2025年第2期204-210,共7页Chinese Journal of Disease Control & Prevention

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(82360668);内蒙古自治区科技重大专项项目(2021ZD0006);中央引导地方科技发展基金(2022ZY0180)。

摘　　要：目的了解内蒙古自治区(简称内蒙古)长爪沙鼠疫源地动物间鼠疫流行情况以及流行特点,为内蒙古鼠疫防控工作提供科学依据。方法收集、整理2006―2020年内蒙古鼠疫监测数据,采用Excel 2010软件,分别输入宿主、媒介、病原体和血清学数据,并根据不同年龄和物种组成,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果以5年为间隔分为3个时间段,鼠密度和动物间疫情在每个时间段内均呈先增高后降低的趋势,呈现出一定的周期性。2006―2020年长爪沙鼠疫源地平均鼠密度为2.91只/hm^(2),夜行鼠总捕获率为3.16%,染蚤率为27.61%,平均蚤指数为0.83。在纳入研究的15年中,有13年分离出鼠疫耶尔森菌。2006―2020年平均阳性率为0.33%、间接血凝试验阳性率为0.49%。结论内蒙古长爪沙鼠疫源地持续处于活跃状态,要做好鼠密度监测及动物间疫情的预警工作,降低动物间鼠疫的发生和流行风险,阻止其向人间传播。Objective To understand the epidemic situation and epidemic characteristics of plague among animals in the focus of Meriones unguiculatus in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of plague in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Methods The monitoring data of plague in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2006 to 2020 were collected and sorted out.Using Excel 2010 software,data on hosts,vectors,pathogens,and serology were entered separately,and descriptive epidemiological methods were used for statistical analysis based on different age and species composition.Results The 15 years included in the analysis was divided into three time periods with a 5-year interval.The mice density and the positive rate of plague among animals showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing in each time period,showing a certain periodicity.The average mice density was 2.91 rats/hm^(2),the total capture rate of nocturnal rodents was 3.16%,the flea-infected rate was 27.61%,and the average flea index was 0.83 in the focus of Meriones unguiculatus.Plague bacilli was isolated in 13 years of the 15 years included in the study;the average positive rate for 15 years was 0.33%,and the positive rate of indirect hemagglutination test was 0.49%.Conclusions The results of this study show that the plague among animals in epidemic focus of Meriones unguiculatus is continuously active,so it is necessary to do good jobs in monitoring and early warning of mice density and epidemic situation among animals,reducing the occurrence and epidemic risk of plague of animals.

关 键 词：长爪沙鼠疫源地 动物间鼠疫 流行特征 

分 类 号：R181.8[医药卫生—流行病学]