基于因子分析和数据包络分析的公路隧道入口区域吸睛效应评价  

Evaluation of eye-catching effect of highway tunnel entrance zones based on factor analysis and data envelopment analysis

作　　者：韩磊 杜志刚[2] 贺世明 马傲君 HAN Lei;DU Zhi-gang;HE Shi-ming;MA Ao-jun(School of Traffic and Transportation,Shijiazhuang Tiedao University,Shijiazhuang 050043,Hebei,China;School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430063,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]石家庄铁道大学交通运输学院,河北石家庄050043 [2]武汉理工大学交通与物流工程学院,湖北武汉430063

出　　处：《交通运输工程学报》2024年第6期286-298,共13页Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52072291)。

摘　　要：为全面评价公路隧道入口区域视觉吸引对驾驶人吸睛效应的影响,招募了30名被试开展自然驾驶试验,采集驾驶人在公路隧道入口区域不同视觉吸引条件下的眼动和心电数据,基于因子分析法选取吸睛效应敏感评价指标,并构建数据包络分析模型,识别和探究公路隧道入口区域视觉吸引条件对驾驶人吸睛效应的影响特征和作用机理。分析结果表明:驾驶人吸睛效应的视觉特性敏感指标为注视持续时间(FD1)、瞳孔直径(PD)、扫视持续时间(SD)和扫视幅度(SR),心电特性敏感指标为心率(HR)、低频与高频比值R、样本熵(SampEn)和分形维数(FD2);公路隧道入口区域不同视觉吸引条件对驾驶人吸睛效应影响显著,其中,警示标识条件下,驾驶人的平均FD1(530.97±37.03 ms)、PD(4.56±0.46 mm)、SD(32.89±3.14 ms)显著增加,SR(4.77°±1.27°)显著降低,同时HR(96.64±9.23次·min-1)、R(4.17±0.98)和FD2(1.87±0.17)也显著升高,SampEn(1.84±0.24)显著降低,表明警示标识条件下驾驶人对视觉信息的感知和处理表现较差,视觉认知负荷和心理压力程度较大,心理状态的稳定性程度受到较大的负面影响;不同视觉吸引条件对驾驶人吸睛效应的综合效率具有显著影响,其中无显著视觉吸引场景的效率均值最高,为0.987,警示标识场景的效率均值最低,为0.928,且各场景之间差异显著;受驾驶人吸睛效应影响最大的变量是扫视幅度和心率,其中,警示标识对驾驶人的视觉特性和心理负荷水平的负面影响最大。研究成果可为公路隧道入口区域视觉环境优化设计提供参考,有助于有效管控该区域的行车风险。To comprehensively evaluate the impact of visual attractions in highway tunnel entrance zones on drivers'eye-catching effect,30 participants were recruited for a naturalistic driving experiment.Eye movement and electrocardiogram(ECG)data were collected under different visual attraction conditions in the highway tunnel entrance zones.Sensitive evaluation indicators for the eye-catching effect were selected based on factor analysis.A data envelopment analysis(DEA)model was constructed to identify and explore the characteristics and mechanisms of how visual attraction conditions in highway tunnel entrance zones influence drivers'eye-catching effect.Analysis results show that the sensitive indicators for drivers'eye-catching effect in terms of visual characteristics are fixation duration(FD1),pupil diameter(PD),saccade duration(SD),and saccade range(SR),while the sensitive indicators for ECG characteristics are heart rate(HR),ration of low-frequency to high-frequency ratio(R),sample entropy(SampEn),and fractal dimension(FD2).Drivers'eye-catching effect is significantly affected by different visual attraction conditions in highway tunnel entrance zones.Specifically,under warning sign conditions,drivers exhibit significantly increase in average FD1(530.97±37.03 ms),PD(4.56±0.46 mm),and SD(32.89±3.14 ms),along with a significant decrease in SR(4.77°±1.27°).Concurrently,a significant rise can be seen in HR(96.64±9.23 beates per minute),R(4.17±0.98),and FD2(1.87±0.17),while a decline is found in SampEn(1.84±0.24).These findings suggest that under warning sign conditions,drivers'perception and processing of visual information are impaired,with higher visual cognitive load and psychological stress,leading to greater instability in their psychological state.Different visual attraction conditions have a significant impact on the overall efficiency of drivers'eye-catching effect.The mean efficiency is the highest(0.987)in a scenario with no significant visual attraction and the lowest(0.928)in a warning sign scenario

关 键 词：交通安全 吸睛效应 隧道入口 因子分析 数据包络分析 

分 类 号：U491.5[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]