2015—2023年金华市HIV感染孕产妇流行病学特征及母婴阻断效果分析  

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of HIV-infected pregnant and postpartum women and the effect of blocking mother-to-child transmission in Jinhua City from 2015 to 2023

作　　者：王珊 卜霄 曹剑芳 黄亮 WANG Shan;BU Xiao;CAO Jian-fang;HUANG Liang(Quality Control Office,Jinhua Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital,Jinhua,Zhejiang 321000,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]金华市妇幼保健院质量控制办公室,浙江金华321000 [2]金华市妇幼保健院孕产保健部,浙江金华321000

出　　处：《中国妇幼保健》2025年第5期883-887,共5页Maternal and Child Health Care of China

基　　金：浙江省卫生健康科技计划项目(2022KY1334)。

摘　　要：目的分析2015—2023年金华市人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染孕产妇的流行病学特征、母婴阻断效果以及阻断依从性影响因素,为科学控制HIV母婴传播提供依据。方法对2015—2023年金华市HIV感染孕产妇进行流行病学调查,统计分析母婴阻断效果及阻断依从性的影响因素。结果2015—2023年金华市孕产妇HIV检出率为0.53‰,其中328例HIV抗体阳性孕产妇分娩153例,人工终止妊娠134例,自然流产7例,其他34例。HIV抗体阳性孕产妇21~30岁年龄段(50.91%)、汉族(65.85%),文化程度初中(37.19%)与小学及以下(31.71%)、已婚(64.63%)居多,职业以农民(45.12%)及待业人员(30.79%)比例较大,主要经性传播(75.61%),伴侣HIV阳性占63.41%。153例HIV抗体阳性分娩产妇中,接受抗病毒治疗145例(94.77%),暴露新生儿预防性服药150例(98.04%)。单因素分析结果显示:依从性良好组与依从性差组文化程度、婚姻状况、药物不良反应知晓情况、医生信任度、产次、治疗方案复杂性、服药目的、治疗信心比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示:产次、治疗方案复杂性、治疗信心、药物不良反应知晓情况为HIV抗体阳性分娩产妇母婴阻断依从性的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论结合HIV感染孕产妇流行病学特征,早筛查、早治疗,提高治疗依从性,为实现“儿童零艾滋”的保障。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-infected pregnant and postpartum women,the effect of blocking mother-to-child transmission,and the influencing factors of prevention compliance in Jinhua City from 2015 to 2023,and provide a basis for scientific control of HIV mother-to-child transmission.Methods An epidemiological survey was conducted on HIV-infected pregnant and postpartum women in Jinhua City from 2015 to 2023,effectiveness of blockade of HIV mother-to-child transmission and the influencing factors of treatment compliance were analyzed statistically.Results The detection rate of HIV among pregnant and postpartum women in Jinhua City from 2015 to 2023 was 0.53‰.Among them,there were 328 HIV antibody positive pregnant and postpartum women who gave birth,134 cases of artificial termination of pregnancy,7 cases of natural abortion,and 34 cases of others.The majority of HIV antibody positive pregnant and postpartum women were in the age group of 21-30 years old(50.91%),Han ethnicity(65.85%),educational level in junior high school(37.19%)and primary school or below(31.71%),and married(64.63%);farmers(45.12%)and unemployed individuals(30.79%)accounted for a relatively large proportion of occupations,mainly transmitted through sexual intercourse(75.61%),and HIV positive partners accounted for 63.41%.Among 153 HIV antibody positive postpartum women,145 cases(94.77%)received antiviral treatment and 150 neonates(98.04%)exposed to HIV received prophylactic medication.Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in educational level,marriage status,and awareness of drug adverse reactions,trust degree of doctors,parity,complexity of treatment plans,purpose of medication,and treatment confidence between high compliance group and low compliance group(all P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that parity,complexity of treatment plans,treatment confidence,and awareness of drug adverse reactions were influencing f

关 键 词：人类免疫缺陷病毒 母婴传播阻断 依从性 影响因素 

分 类 号：R183.7[医药卫生—流行病学]