枳术精油化学成分GC-MS分析及其对小鼠急性毒性实验研究  

Analysis on Chemical Constituents of Zhishi(Aurantii Immaturus Fructus)-Baizhu(Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma)Essential Oil by GC-MS and Their Acute Toxicity in Mice

作　　者：叶祖文 林巧红 徐焕华 白英炎 杨明[2] 王芳[1,2] YE Zuwen;LIN Qiaohong;XU Huanhua;BAI Yingyan;YANG Ming;WANG Fang(Cancer Research Center,Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine,Nanchang 330004,Jiangxi,China;Key Laboratory of Modern Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulation,Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine,Nanchang 330004,Jiangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]江西中医药大学癌症研究中心,江西南昌330004 [2]江西中医药大学现代中药制剂重点实验室,江西南昌330004

出　　处：《中华中医药学刊》2025年第3期198-204,I0037-I0042,共13页Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(82204627);全国中药特色技术传承骨干项目(1242301703);江西省双高人才项目(12623008);江西省中医药中青年人才培养计划项目(1242301009);江西中医药大学校级科技创新团队发展计划项目(CXTD-22004);江西中医药大学研究生创新专项基金项目(JZYC23S72);江西中医药大学创新创业项目(X202310412227)。

摘　　要：目的分析枳术精油化学成分、含量,探讨不同剂量的枳术精油对小鼠的急性毒性。方法采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer,GC-MS)对其化学成分进行分析鉴定,分别给予荷荷巴油和枳术精油灌胃给药后,观察小鼠的活动、饮食、饮水、体质量、死亡等情况,用加权回归法(Weighted regression method,Bliss)计算半数致死量(Median lethal dose,LD_(50))及95%置信区间。结果经GC-MS检测,共鉴定出枳术精油化学成分主要有10种,其相对百分含量占总精油量的46.41%,分别为苍术酮、D-柠檬烯、β-蒎烯、γ-揽香烯、白术内酯Ⅱ、β-elinene、trans-Caryophyllene。枳术精油对小鼠的毒性实验结果表明枳术精油对存活小鼠饮食、饮水及体质量无明显影响。通过Bliss法计算得枳术精油的LD_(50)为1.681 mL/kg,表现出一定的毒性,LD_(50)的95%置信区间为3.367~7.417 mL/kg;回归方程为Y(Probit)=-1.228+7.612 lgD。结论苍术酮、D-柠檬烯等为枳术精油的主要成分,枳术精油具有一定的毒性,且脏器指数与病理观察显示毒性主要表现在血液血管方面,主要作用在肝、脾和肾脏,其毒性与给药剂量相关,在一定剂量范围内可安全使用。Objective To analyze the chemical composition and contents of Zhishi(Aurantii Immaturus Fructus)-Baizhu(At-ractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma)essential oil(ZBEO)and explore the acute toxicity of different doses of chemical constituents of ZBEO in mice.Methods GC-MS was used to analyze and identify the chemical composition.After oral administration of jojo-ba oil and ZBEO,the activity,diet,water intake,body weight,mortality and other conditions of the mice were observed.The values of median lethal dose(LD_(50))and 95%confidence interval were calculated by using the weighted regression method(Bliss).Results Through GC-MS analysis,a total of 10 chemical components were identified in ZBEO,accounting for 46.41%of the total oil content.The main components were curzerenone,D-limonene,β-pinene,γ-elemene,atractylenolideⅡ,β-elinene and trans-caryophyllene.The toxicity experiment of ZBEO on mice showed no significant effects on the diet,water intake or body weight of the surviving mice.The value of LD_(50) of ZBEO was calculated to be 1.681 mL/kg by using the Bliss method,indicating a certain level of toxicity.The 95%confidence interval for LD_(50) was 3.367~7.417 mL/kg.The re-gression equation was Y(Probit)=-1.228+7.612 lgD.Conclusion Curzerenone and D-limonene are the main components of ZBEO.The essential oil exhibits a certain level of toxicity,mainly affecting the blood vessels as indicated by organ index and pathological observations.The main affected organs are liver,spleen and kidney.The toxicity is dose-dependent,and within a certain dosage range,it can be safely used.

关 键 词：枳实 白术 精油 化学成分 急性毒性 GC-MS 

分 类 号：R285.5[医药卫生—中药学] R284.1[医药卫生—中医学]