频繁穿越范艾伦辐射带的卫星空间环境分析与防护  

Space Environment Analysis and Protection for Satellite Frequently Traversing Van Allen Belts

作　　者：呼延奇[1] 侯卫国[2] 魏强[2] 王敏[2] 梁新刚[2] 李大伟[2] HU Yanqi;HOU Weiguo;WEI Qiang;WANG Min;LIANG Xin’gang;LI Dawei(Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering,Beijing 100094,China;Institute of Telecommunication and Navigation Satellites,China Academy of Space Technology,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]北京空间飞行器总体设计部,北京100094 [2]中国空间技术研究院通信与导航卫星总体部,北京100094

出　　处：《航天器工程》2025年第1期49-56,共8页Spacecraft Engineering

摘　　要：亚太6E卫星基于低成本设计理念,采用发射低轨卫星的CZ-2C火箭发射,卫星采用全电推卫星平台+独立推进舱的总体方案,是我国首颗自主从LEO到GEO轨道转移的全电推进通信卫星,卫星变轨期间频繁穿越范艾伦辐射带,面临的空间辐射环境复杂、恶劣,因此需结合卫星空间辐射效应特点,开展空间环境防护分析与设计,并对变轨策略进行优化。分析结果显示:亚太6E卫星遭受的电离总剂量、光电器件位移损伤相比常规GEO通信卫星均有显著增加,尤其是太阳电池阵输出功率辐射衰降问题尤为突出,据此亚太6E卫星开展了针对性空间环境防护设计;在亚太6E卫星实际飞行验证基础上,给出了后续电推进卫星采用不同变轨策略太阳电池辐射损伤的差异,结果显示:通过选择较高远地点的大椭圆轨道作为电推变轨启始轨道,以及通过优化变轨策略使卫星尽快远离内辐射带强度中心等策略,可以有效降低卫星太阳电池阵辐射衰降。Based on the low-cost design concept,APSTAR-6E satellite is launched by the CZ-2C rocket,which is usually used to launch low-orbit satellites.The satellite adopts a comprehensive solution with the all-electric propulsion platform and an independent propellant module.It is the Chinese first all-electric propulsion communication satellite to independently transfer from LEO to GEO orbit.During the orbit transfer,the APSTAR-6E satellite frequently crossed the Van Allen radiation belt and is faced with complex and harsh space radiation environment.Therefore,it is necessary to carry out space environment analysis and protection design according to the characteristics of space environment effects,and optimize the orbit transfer strategy.The analysis results show that the total ionization dose and displacement damage of optoelectronic devices suffered by the APSTAR-6E satellite are significantly worse than those suffered by conventional GEO communication satellites,especially the problem of radiation attenuation of solar array output power is particularly prominent.Accordingly,the APSTAR-6E satellite has carried out targeted space environmental protection design.On the basis of the actual flight verification of APSTAR-6E satellite,the differences of solar cell radiation attenuation of subsequent electric propulsion satellites using different orbit transfer strategies are discussed.The results show that by selecting the large elliptical orbit with higher apogee height as the starting orbit of the electric propulsion orbit transfer,and optimizing the orbital transfer strategy to raise the satellite above the inner radiation belt intensity center as soon as possible,the radiation attenuation of the satellite solar array can be effectively reduced.

关 键 词：电推变轨 辐射带 分析与防护 

分 类 号：V474.2[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]