基于微多普勒信号的无人机回波检测技术研究  

Research on Radar Detection of Drones Using Micro-Doppler Signals

作　　者：闫军[1] 顾村锋 孔德永 龚江昆 YAN Jun;GU Cunfeng;KONG Deyong;GONG Jiangkun(State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying,Mapping and Remote Sensing,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430079,Hubei,China;Shanghai Electro-Mechanical Engineering Institute,Shanghai 201109,China;Hubei University of Economics,Wuhan 430205,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学测绘遥感信息工程全国重点实验室,湖北武汉430079 [2]上海机电工程研究所,上海201109 [3]湖北经济学院,湖北武汉430205

出　　处：《空天防御》2025年第1期10-16,23,共8页Air & Space Defense

基　　金：湖北省自然科学基金资助项目(2023AFB130);2024年度科技智库青年人才计划(XMSB20240710063);中国航天科技集团有限公司上海航天科技创新基金资助项目(SAST2018-007)。

摘　　要：近年来,随着无人机的广泛应用,反无人机雷达技术得到了迅猛发展。然而,由于常见无人机具有体积小、雷达散射面积(RCS)有限、运动速度较慢等特点,其雷达回波往往被强烈的背景杂波淹没。传统的基于回波信噪比(SNR)的检测方法存在漏警率高和探测距离短的问题。为此,本文提出了一种创新的检测方法:通过分析无人机旋翼产生的微多普勒信号,即旋翼调制(JEM)效应对应的微多普勒信号,设计了基于回波信杂比(SCR)的检测技术,以实现对目标回波的相对检测。通过微波暗室和雷达外场实验,发现四旋翼无人机和垂直起降无人机在多个雷达测试波段均显著产生微多普勒信号。对比实验结果表明,在海杂波环境下,SCR检测相较于SNR检测具有更好的稳定性、更高的检测效率以及更低的漏警率。Recently,the proliferation of drones has driven significant advancements in anti-drone radar systems.However,radar signals produced by the small radar cross-sections(RCS)and low velocities of drones is challenging to detect,especially when obscured by background clutter.This leads to high missed alarm rates and limited detection ranges when using traditional signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)detectors.In this paper,a method transforming the micro-Doppler signals from drones into jet engine modulation(JEM)Doppler signals was proposed.Then,a signal-to-clutter ratio(SCR)detector specifically designed to identify these Doppler signals was introduced.Test results from both a microwave anechoic chamber and outdoor environments demonstrate that micro-Doppler signals are captured in the radar echoes of both quad-rotor and VTOL fixed-wing drones across multiple radar bands.Besides,the SCR detector outperforms the SNR detector,exhibiting better detection stability,higher detection probabilities,and lower missed alarm rates.

关 键 词：反无人机雷达 无人机探测 漏警率 微多普勒 旋翼调制 信杂比 

分 类 号：V279[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计] TN959.17[电子电信—信号与信息处理]