混流式水轮机部分负荷运行压力脉动与噪声特性  

Pressure pulsation and noise characteristics during partial load operation of Francis turbine

作　　者：夏璞 马建军[2] 袁聪 刘斌[4] 蒋东进 张玉全[5] XIA Pu;MA Jianjun;YUAN Cong;LIU Bin;JIANG Dongjin;ZHANG Yuquan(College of Electrical and Power Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 211100,China;China Water Northeastern Investigation Design&Research Co.,Ltd.,Changchun,Jilin 130021,China;Jiangsu Administration of Huaihe,Shuhe and Xinhe Rivers,Huaian,Jiangsu 223005,China;Jiangsu Province Luoyun Hydraulic Engineering Bureau,Suqian,Jiangsu 223800,China;College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 211100,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学电气与动力工程学院,江苏南京211100 [2]中水东北勘测设计研究有限责任公司,吉林长春130021 [3]江苏省淮沭新河管理处,江苏淮安223005 [4]江苏省骆运水利工程管理处,江苏宿迁223800 [5]河海大学水利水电学院,江苏南京211100

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2025年第3期284-290,307,共8页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：国网福建省电力有限公司科技项目(52130420001F)。

摘　　要：为研究水轮机在部分负荷工况下运行的压力脉动和噪声特性等,采用SST湍流模型并使用仿真软件对某具体水轮机模型进行不同负荷工况的数值模拟计算.结果表明:时域中从蜗壳至转轮出口处压力脉动幅值基本稳定在一个范围内,其中转轮部分压力脉动幅值最大,尾水管进口至出口压力脉动幅值先增大后减小.频域中从蜗壳至活动导叶,主频的位置是在叶频处,且越远离转轮其主频振幅越小,转轮两侧的压力脉动频率振幅较高,说明压力脉动受动静干涉影响很大.不同负荷工况产生的噪声辐射水平和指向性分布在各个方向是相似的:声压级分布的规律相同,水轮机周围声压幅值最大,声压幅值随场点离水轮机越远而越低.在叶频处,噪声声压分布呈明显的偶极子特性,不同负荷工况的外场噪声指向性分布图中极小极大值的位置基本相同.研究结果可以为优化水轮发电机组运行技术提供理论支撑.In order to study the pressure pulsation and noise characteristics of hydraulic turbine opera-ting under partial load conditions,numerical simulations of a specific hydraulic turbine model under partial load conditions were conducted using the SST turbulence model in advanced simulation software.The results show that from the volute to the runner outlet in the time domain,the pressure pulsation amplitude is relatively stable within a specific range over time,with the highest amplitude observed in the runner section,and the pressure pulsation amplitude of the draft tube from the inlet to the outlet first increases and subsequently decreases.In the frequency domain analysis,from the volute to the active guide vane,the position of the predominant frequency is identified at the blade frequency.It is observed that the greater the distance from the runner,the smaller the amplitude of the predominant frequency,notably,the higher the amplitude of the pressure pulsation frequency on both sides of the runner,indicating a significant influence of rotor-stator interaction on pressure pulsation.The noise radiation levels and directivity distributions generated by different load conditions are similar in all directions.The distribution law of sound pressure level remains consistent,with the highest sound pressure amplitude around the turbine.As the distance from the turbine increases,the amplitude of sound pressure decreases at the field point from the turbine.At the blade frequency,the sound pressure distribution of the noise shows a pronounced dipole characteristic.The positions of the minima and maxima in the directivity distribution of the external field noise under different load conditions are basically the same.The research results offer theoretical support for optimizing the operational technology of hydroelectric generator units.

关 键 词：混流式水轮机 数值模拟 部分负荷 压力脉动 噪声特性 

分 类 号：S277.9[农业科学—农业水土工程]