典型智能水肥一体机射流式吸肥器性能测试与结构优化  

Performance and structure optimization of jet fertilizer suction device for typical intelligent water and fertilizer integrated machine

作　　者：张琼 王墙林[2] 胡贵荣 刘畅 张力杰 李云开 ZHANG Qiong;WANG Qianglin;HU Guirong;LIU Chang;ZHANG Lijie;LI Yunkai(College of Water Conservancy&Architectural Engineering,Shihezi University,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China;College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,新疆石河子832000 [2]中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院,北京100083 [3]农业水资源高效利用全国重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2025年第3期316-324,共9页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学重点基金资助项目(52339004)。

摘　　要：吸肥器结构形式及参数对智能水肥一体机工作性能影响显著.针对常见吸肥器吸肥量小、压损大等问题,选用3种SSQ型射流式吸肥器、2种组合型射流式吸肥器及1种文丘里吸肥器,采用试验与数值模拟相结合的方法,测定了不同进口压力和进出口压差条件下吸肥器的吸肥性能,对性能较好的吸肥结构进行结构优化,通过正交和极差分析研究了喉部喷嘴面积比、渐缩段角度、渐阔段角度、喉嘴距对其吸肥性能的影响.结果表明:相同工况下,SSQ型吸肥器的综合性能优于组合型吸肥器也优于文丘里吸肥器,且射流式吸肥器相比文丘里吸肥器的最大吸肥流量、工作范围(p 1=0.30 MPa)、最大吸肥效率分别提升71.75%~102.66%,38.40%~48.29%和42.57%~93.24%,临界压差降低9.09%~35.43%.其中SSQ-3型射流式吸肥器表现最好;SSQ-3射流式吸肥器的吸肥效率随喉部喷嘴面积比和喉嘴距增大而呈先增大后减小的趋势,随着渐缩段角度和渐阔段角度增大而逐渐减小;SSQ-3型射流式吸肥器最优结构参数组合为喉部喷嘴面积比2、渐阔段角度5°、渐缩段角度9°、喉嘴距5.94 mm,结构优化后射流式吸肥器吸肥流量和吸肥效率分别提高了9.09%~22.86%和4.78%~27.43%.The structure configuration and parameters of the fertilizer absorber have a significant influence on the working performance of the intelligent water-fertilizer integrated machine system.Aiming at the problems of low fertilizer absorption capacity and high pressure loss of common fertilizer absorbers,three SSQ jet fertilizer absorber devices,two combined jet fertilizer absorber and one venturi fertilizer absorber were selected for analysis.The absorption performance of six kinds of fertilizer absorbers was evaluated under different inlet pressures and inlet-outlet pressure differences by means of experiments and numerical simulation,and the structure of fertilizer absorber with better performance was optimized and studied through orthogonal and range analysis.The results show that under the same working conditions,the comprehensive performance of the SSQ jet-type fertilizer injectors is superior to that of the combined jet-type and Venturi injectors,and the maximum fertilizer absorption flow,working range(p 1=0.30 MPa)and maximum fertilizer absorption efficiency of jet fertilizer absorber are increased by 71.75%-102.66%,38.40%-48.29%and 42.57%-93.24%,respectively,and the critical pressure difference is reduced by 9.09%-35.43%.The fertilizer absorption efficiency of SSQ-3 jet fertilizer absorber first increases and then decreases with the increase of throat nozzle area ratio and throat nozzle distance,and gradually decreases with the increase of tapering section angle and widening section angle.The optimal structural parameters of SSQ-3 jet fertilizer absorber are throat nozzle area ratio of 2,widening section angle of 5°,tapering section angle of 9°and throat nozzle distance of 5.94 mm.After structural optimization,the fertilizer absorption flow and efficiency of jet fertilizer absorber are increased by 9.09%-22.86%and 4.78%-27.43%,respectively.

关 键 词：射流式吸肥器 文丘里吸肥器 吸肥性能 结构优化 正交设计 

分 类 号：S224.21[农业科学—农业机械化工程]