土施熟石灰对莲雾产量及品质的影响  

Effect of soil slaked lime on yield and quality of wax apple

作　　者：许丹勇 王远铭 李华东 林思鸿 王宇洋 林电 XU Dan-yong;WANG Yuan-ming;LI Hua-dong;LIN Si-hong;WANG Yu-yang;LIN Dian(College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China;Sinochem(Hainan)AgroEcology Co.,Ltd.,Sanya,Hainan 572000,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带农林学院,海口570228 [2]中化(海南)农业生态有限公司,海南三亚572000

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2025年第1期96-106,共11页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0202102);海南省自然科学基金高层次人才项目(421RC739);海南省自然科学基金面上项目(321MS009)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究钙肥(熟石灰)对莲雾养分吸收及果实品质、产量、光合速率等的综合调控作用,为莲雾合理施用钙肥提供理论依据。【方法】以海南省三亚市崖州区4年生‘南鹿一号’莲雾为试材,试验设置4个处理,以基地常规管理为对照(Ca0),以熟石灰1250 g/株(Ca1)、2500 g/株(Ca2)、3750 g/株(Ca3)为处理组。分别于施肥5个月后开始连续采集叶片、枝条、果实、土壤等样品,分析其养分含量及果实品质,并测定光合速率等指标。【结果】不同钙肥用量均显著提升了叶片及果实钙、硫、锌含量和枝条磷、钙、硫、锌含量,以处理Ca2、Ca3提升最显著,处理组对土壤有效磷、pH、交换性钙、有机质含量均有不同程度的提升作用,而对土壤交换性镁、有效铜则显现出不同程度的抑制作用,且处理组果实品质及产量、A级果率较其对照组均有较大提升,处理组相较对照组果实裂果率虽有所下降,但均未达到显著水平,由主成分分析得出处理Ca2、Ca3对其改善果实品质及提高产量效果较佳,处理组光合速率强度及叶绿素含量均显著高于对照组。【结论】适量施用熟石灰可显著提升莲雾叶片、果实、枝条的钙、硫、锌含量,改善果实品质,提高产量和叶绿素含量,增强光合速率,以Ca2处理施肥效果较佳,且能在一定程度上有较好的改良土壤酸性作用。【Objective】The present study aims to explore the comprehensive regulatory effects of calcium fertilizer(quicklime) on nutrient absorption, fruit quality, yield, photosynthetic rate in wax apples, and to provide a theoretical basis for the rational application of calcium fertilizers in wax apple cultivation.【Method】The experiment was conducted using 4-year-old ‘Nanlu No.1' wax apples from Changshan village, Yazhou district, Sanya city, Hainan province.Four treatments were set up: a control group with conventional base management(Ca0),and three treatment groups with quicklime applications of 1250 g/plant(Ca1),2500 g/plant(Ca2),and 3750 g/plant(Ca3).Leaf, branch, fruit and soil samples were collected continuously at five months after fertilization to analyze nutrient content, fruit quality, and photosynthetic rate.【Result】The different amounts of calcium fertilizer significantly increased the calcium, sulfur and zinc contents in leaves and fruits, as well as the phosphorus, calcium, sulfur and zinc contents in branches.The most significant improvements were observed in the Ca2 and Ca3 treatments.The treatment group increased the content of soil available phosphorus, pH, exchangeable calcium and organic matter to varying degrees, while inhibited the exchangeable magnesium and available copper to varying degrees.Compared with the control group, the fruit quality, yield and grade A fruit rate of the treatment group were significantly improved, and the fruit cracking rate of the treatment group was decreased, but it did not reach a significant level.Principal component analysis revealed that the Ca2 and Ca3 treatments were most effective in improving fruit quality and increasing yield.The photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content in the treatment groups were significantly higher than in the control group.【Conclusion】The study concludes that appropriate application of calcium fertilizer can significantly increase the calcium, sulfur and zinc contents in leaves, fruits and branches, improve fruit quali

关 键 词：莲雾 养分 品质 钙肥 光合速率 

分 类 号：S667.9[农业科学—果树学]