不同施肥模式下芒果园氮素养分平衡及氮气排放  

Nitrogen nutrient balance and nitrogen emission in mango orchard under different fertilization modes

作　　者：王远铭 葛梅红 程宁宁 林思鸿 许丹勇 李华东 林电 WANG Yuan-ming;GE Mei-hong;CHENG Ning-ning;LIN Si-hong;XU Dan-yong;LI Hua-dong;LIN Dian(College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China;Sinochem(Hainan)AgroEcology Co.,Ltd.,Sanya,Hainan 572000,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带农林学院,海口570228 [2]中化(海南)农业生态有限公司,海南三亚572000

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2025年第1期160-170,共11页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金面上项目(321MS009);海南省自然科学基金高层次人才项目(421RC739)。

摘　　要：【目的】为优化果园氮管理,探究不同施肥模式对芒果园氮素平衡及氮气排放的影响。【方法】设置对照(仅基施有机肥)、化肥土施、化肥滴灌、化肥减量30%滴灌、有机肥替代20%化肥土施、有机肥替代20%化肥滴灌6个处理,分析不同施肥模式对果园氮素平衡及氮排放的影响。【结果】不同施肥模式下,气态氮损失量有显著差异,由大到小依次为化肥土施、有机肥替代20%化肥土施、有机肥替代20%化肥滴灌、化肥滴灌、化肥减量30%滴灌、对照(仅基施有机肥),其中化肥土施和有机肥替代20%化肥土施模式气态氮损失量均显著高于其他施肥模式,且气态氮损失量以NH3为主,其他施肥处理气态氮损失量以N2O为主。不同施肥处理下,化肥减量30%滴灌处理氮盈余量最小,为8.08 kg/hm^(2),且产量显著高于其他施肥处理,输入氮量与输出氮量最接近平衡,其余施肥处理的氮盈余为43.75~57.37 kg/hm^(2),均有向大气圈、水圈等环境流失的风险。【结论】不同施肥模式下,气态氮损失量最高为化肥土施和有机肥替代20%化肥土施模式,水肥一体化模式显著降低NH3和N2O损失。综合氮盈余、氮肥有效利用率等因素,本研究推荐热带芒果园采用水肥一体化模式,并在优化施肥量的基础上适当减少施肥量,减幅不超过30%。【Objective】The paper aimed to optimize the orchard nitrogen management, and explore the effect of different fertilization mode on mango garden nitrogen balance and nitrogen emissions.【Method】The experiment consisted of six treatments: control NF(only basal application of organic fertilizer),OF(soil application of chemical fertilizer),DF(chemical fertilizer drip irrigation),RDF(30% reduction of chemical fertilizer drip irrigation),IF(organic substitute 20% chemical fertilizer soil application)and IDF(organic substitute 20% chemical fertilizer drip irrigation).The effects of different fertilization modes on nitrogen balance and nitrogen emission in orchards were analyzed comprehensively.【Result】There were significant differences in the loss of gaseous nitrogen in different fertilization modes.The order from large to small was chemical fertilizer soil application, organic fertilizer instead of 20% chemical fertilizer soil application, organic fertilizer instead of 20% chemical fertilizer drip irrigation, chemical fertilizer drip irrigation, chemical fertilizer reduction 30% drip irrigation and control(only base application of organic fertilizer).The loss of gaseous nitrogen in chemical fertilizer soil application and organic fertilizer instead of 20% chemical fertilizer soil application mode was significantly higher than that in other fertilization modes, and the loss of gaseous nitrogen was mainly NH_3,and the loss of gaseous nitrogen in other fertilization treatments was mainly N_2O.The nitrogen surplus of different fertilization treatments was the smallest in the 30% drip irrigation treatment, which was only 8.08 kg/hm~2,and the yield was significantly higher than that of other fertilization treatments.The input nitrogen amount and the output nitrogen amount were the closest to the balance, and the nitrogen surplus of the other fertilization treatments was 43.75-57.37 kg/hm~2,all of which had the risk of losing to the atmosphere, hydrosphere and other environments.【Conclusion】Under different ferti

关 键 词：不同施肥 芒果园 氮素 氮气排放 

分 类 号：S667.7[农业科学—果树学]