“供卡转账型”案件中“帮信罪”“掩隐罪”的认定困境与破解  

The Identification Dilemma and Solution for the Crimes of Assisting in Information Network Criminal Activities and Concealing or Covering Up Proceeds and Benefits Derived from Crime in“Card-Providing and Transfer-Assisting”Cases

作　　者：潘文戈 PAN Wen-ge(Law School,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学法学院,北京100875

出　　处：《山西青年职业学院学报》2024年第4期1-8,共8页Journal of Shanxi Youth Vocational College

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金项目“轻罪治理中刑事司法问题与路径选择”(项目编号:23FXA005)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：行为人提供“两卡”后又帮助转账取款的“供卡转账型”案件在司法实践中呈现出帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪与掩饰、隐瞒犯罪所得、犯罪所得收益罪在罪名和罪数认定上的混乱现象。司法解释在行为认定上亦有不同立场,未能为实务提供精准指导。在刑法理论上,“供卡转账型”案件中两罪区分仍存在学说争议,尚未形成通说。帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪仅能发生在上游犯罪既遂前,而掩饰、隐瞒犯罪所得、犯罪所得收益罪仅能发生在上游犯罪既遂后。行为人的参与时间点是罪名区分的重要节点。当行为人供卡与转账两个行为均发生在上游犯罪既遂前,其构成帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪。当两个行为均发生在上游犯罪既遂后,且行为人与被帮助者无事前通谋,则其仅构成掩饰、隐瞒犯罪所得、犯罪所得收益罪。当两个行为分别发生在上游犯罪既遂前与既遂后,此时供卡行为构成帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪,转账行为构成诈骗罪或盗窃罪,整体按照包括的一罪从一重处理。In judicial practice,“card-providing and transfer-assisting”cases,where the perpetrator provides“two cards”(referring to bank cards,SIM cards,etc.)and subsequently assists in money transfers and withdrawals,exhibit confusion in the identification of charges and the number of crimes,specifically between the crimes of helping information network criminal activities and concealing or covering up proceeds and benefits derived from crime.Moreover,judicial interpretations,which are supposed to guide practice effectively,also take a different stance on behavioral identification and cannot provide precise guidance for such cases.In criminal law theory,there remains doctrinal debate regarding the distinction between these two crimes in“card-providing and transfer-assisting”cases,and no widely accepted theory has yet been formed.The crime of helping information network criminal activities can only occur before the upstream crime is consummated,while the crime of concealing or covering up proceeds and benefits derived from crime can only occur after the upstream crime is consummated.The timing of the perpetrator’s involvement is a crucial factor in distinguishing between allegations.When both the card-providing and transfer-assisting acts occur before the upstream crime is consummated,the perpetrator constitutes the crime of helping information network criminal activities.When both acts occur after the consummation of the upstream crime,and there is no prior conspiracy between the perpetrator and the recipient,the perpetrator only commits the crime of concealing or concealing the proceeds and benefits derived from the crime.When these two acts occur before and after the consummation of the upstream crime,respectively,the former constitutes an offence of assisting in criminal activity in the information network,while the latter constitutes an offence of fraud or theft.In such cases,the perpetrator should be punished for the more serious of the two inclusive crimes.

关 键 词：帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪 掩隐罪 供卡转账型案件 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]