高盐饮食对不同盐敏感表型受试者血压水平及高血压患病率的影响  

The impact of a high-salt diet on blood pressure and the prevalence ofhypertension in individuals with different salt sensitivity

作　　者：廖月园 满子悦 代薇 牟建军[2] LIAO Yueyuan;MAN Ziyue;DAI Wei;MU Jianjun(Department of Imaging,The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710061;Department of Cardiovascular Medicine,The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710061;Clinical Laboratory,Xi’an Eighth Hospital,Xi’an 710061,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学第一附属医院影像科,陕西西安710061 [2]西安交通大学第一附属医院心内科,陕西西安710061 [3]西安市第八医院检验科,陕西西安710061

出　　处：《西安交通大学学报(医学版)》2025年第2期290-297,共8页Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University(Medical Sciences)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.82070437,No.82200472,No.82300502);陕西省重点研发计划资助项目(No.2023-ZDLSF-50);陕西省创新能力支撑计划资助项目(No.2020GHJD-14);西安交通大学第一附属医院临床研究重点项目资助项目(No.XJTU1AF-CRF-2023-004)。

摘　　要：目的探讨高盐饮食对不同盐敏感表型受试者血压水平及高血压患病率的影响。方法2004年对来自中国北方的339名受试者进行了慢性盐负荷饮食干预研究,根据试验结果判定受试者的盐敏感表型,将受试者分为盐敏感者及盐不敏感者。于2018年从中随机选择152名参与者进行随访,通过24 h尿钠水平评估其盐摄入量,并依据多种不同标准对受试者进行分组,以更全面地探讨高盐饮食对不同盐敏感表型受试者血压水平及高血压患病率的影响。结果在339名受试者中,盐敏感者共154人,占比45.4%;盐不敏感者共185人,占比54.6%。盐敏感者由低盐干预转高盐干预的平均动脉压反应性为8.31(7.60,9.02),盐不敏感者由低盐干预转高盐干预的平均动脉压反应性为-1.09(-1.49,-0.68)。对152名参与者的追踪随访显示,在盐敏感者中,高盐饮食组的收缩压(SBP)以及舒张压(DBP)[根据平均每日盐摄入量(>11g)划分,SBP:140.8 mmHg vs.132.9 mmHg,DBP:85.9 mmHg vs.81.6 mmHg,P<0.05;根据每日盐摄入量四分位数划分,SBP:140.8 mmHg vs.132.9 mmHg,DBP:85.9 mmHg vs.81.6 mmHg,P<0.05]均显著高于正常盐饮食组,而在盐不敏感者中则没有统计学差异(P>0.05);此外,高盐饮食可显著增加盐敏感者高血压的患病率[根据平均每日盐摄入量(>11 g)划分:58.8%vs.32.8%,P<0.05;根据每日盐摄入量四分位数划分:58.8%vs.32.8%,P<0.05],而对盐不敏感者并无影响(P>0.05)。结论高盐饮食可增加盐敏感者的SBP、DBP水平,并显著提高其远期高血压患病率,而对盐不敏感者并无影响,可见盐敏感表型在盐摄入量与盐敏感性高血压的关联中起关键作用。Objective To investigate the impact of a high-salt diet on blood pressure level and the prevalence of hypertension in individuals with varying salt-sensitive phenotypes.Methods In 2004,339 participants from northern China were subjected to a chronic salt loading diet intervention study,and their salt-sensitive phenotypes were determined based on the study results.The participants were divided into salt-sensitive and salt-insensitive groups.In 2018,we randomly selected 152 participants for follow-up from the original cohort,and assessed their salt intake through 24-hour urine sodium level.The participants were divided into different groups based on various criteria to comprehensively investigate the effects of high-salt diet on blood pressure level and hypertension prevalence in individuals with different salt-sensitive phenotypes.Results Among the 339 subjects,154 were identified as salt-sensitive,accounting for 45.4%,while 185 were classified as salt-insensitive,accounting for 54.4%.The average arterial pressure response to high-salt intake after switching from low-salt intake in salt-sensitive individuals was 8.31(7.60,9.02),while the average arterial pressure response in salt-insensitive individuals was-1.09(-1.49,-0.68).A follow-up visit was conducted in 152 participants.It was found that the systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure[divided according to the average daily salt intake(>11 g),SBP:140.8 mmHg vs.132.9 mmHg,DBP:85.9 mmHg vs.81.6 mmHg,P<0.05;divided according to the quartile of daily salt intake,SBP:140.8 mmHg vs.132.9 mmHg,DBP:85.9 mmHg vs.81.6 mmHg,P<0.05]were significantly higher in the high-salt diet group than in the normal salt diet group in salt-sensitive individuals,but there was no significant difference in salt-insensitive individuals(P>0.05).Additionally,the high-salt diet could significantly increase the incidence of hypertension among salt-sensitive individuals[divided according to the average daily salt intake(>11 g):58.8%vs.32.8%,P<0.05;divided according to the quartile of

关 键 词：高盐饮食 盐敏感性 盐敏感性高血压 

分 类 号：R541.3[医药卫生—心血管疾病]