我国商事登记统一立法面临的困境与改革路径研究  

The Challenges and Reform Pathways for the Unified Legislation of Commercial Registration in China

作　　者：范健[1,2] FAN Jian

机构地区：[1]南京大学法学院 [2]澳门科技大学法学院,中国澳门

出　　处：《上海政法学院学报(法治论丛)》2025年第2期1-29,共29页Journal of Shanghai University of Political Science & Law(The Rule of Law Forum)

基　　金：2018年度国家社会科学基金重大研究专项项目“把社会主义核心价值观融入法治建设研究”的阶段性研究成果,项目编号:18VHJ0022。

摘　　要：长期以来,我国商事登记制度的构建重管理功能,轻信用昭示功能;重行政监管,轻商人自律。由于缺失商事基本法,缺乏商法基本理念、原则与概念的指引,理论上关于商事登记行为的性质争论不休,实践中仍存在登记制度体系混乱、规范失衡等问题。在与登记相关的法律法规层面存在以下问题:公法色彩浓厚、共性规则缺失、规范用语和概念不统一、类型设置不健全、制度缺乏体系性、调整对象模糊、过程监管不足,以及公示衔接规则落空、无法应对数字经济时代带来的新挑战等。商事登记立法所出现的问题严重影响了我国社会主义市场经济体制的健全和健康发展。要想解决这些问题,走出商事登记制度面临的困境,最低限度的举措是在民商区分、营利与非营利区分的理念指导下对《市场主体登记管理条例》进行修订。不过,由于该条例的位阶较低,难以完成统筹,又由于商事基本法的缺失使得一些重大理念和概念问题难以从根本上得到解决。因此,进一步的举措是在商事理念指导下制定《商事登记法》,以此作为过渡选择。但是,不管如何选择,中国商事登记统一立法的最终目标都应该是制定《商法通则》,并在此基础上制定《商法典》。Historically,the construction of China’s commercial registration system emphasized administrative management over credit disclosure,and prioritized government supervision over merchant self-regulation.Due to absence of a basic law for commerce,and devoid of guiding basic concepts and principles of commercial law,there are persistent disputes regarding the nature of commercial registration activities in theory,and disorganized registration system and imbalanced norms in practice.The specific manifestations of issues related to legal and regulatory aspects of registration include:a strong public law orientation,a lack of common rules,inconsistent use of normative language and concepts,inadequate categorization,systemic deficiencies in the regulatory framework,ambiguous regulatory targets,insufficient procedural oversight,ineffective public disclosure linkage rules,and the failure to address the new challenges posed by the digital economy era.The issues arising from the legislation of commercial registration have significantly impeded the integrity and healthy development of China’s market economy system.To resolve these issues and come out of the dilemma faced by the commercial registration system,the author suggests that,at a minimum,the“Regulations on the Registration Management of Market Entities”should be revised under the guidance of distinguishing between civil and commercial law,and between for-profit and nonprofit entities.However,due to the lower hierarchical status of these regulations,comprehensive coordination is challenging.Additionally,the absence of a basic law for commerce makes it difficult to fundamentally resolve significant conceptual issues.Therefore,a further measure would be to draft a“Commercial Registration Law”under the guidance of commercial principles as a transitional choice.Regardless of the approach,the ultimate goal of unified legislation for commercial registration in China should be the establishment of“General Commercial Provisions”,leading to the formulation of a�

关 键 词：商事登记 商事基本法 商法理念 信息公示 

分 类 号：DF59[政治法律—民商法学]