我国行贿犯罪立法的激励模式构建——以《刑法修正案(十二)》为视角  

The Construction of the Incentive Model of China’s Bribery Legislation——From the Perspective of the 12th Amendment to the Criminal Law

作　　者：姜涛 JIANG Tao

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学刑事法学院

出　　处：《上海政法学院学报(法治论丛)》2025年第2期45-64,共20页Journal of Shanghai University of Political Science & Law(The Rule of Law Forum)

基　　金：2021年度国家社会科学基金重大项目“数字经济时代刑事安全风险防控体系构建研究”的阶段性研究成果,项目编号:21&ZD209;2024年度最高人民检察院一般课题“单位犯罪立法完善问题研究”的阶段性研究成果,项目编号:GJ2024C15。

摘　　要：《刑法修正案(十二)》加大对行贿犯罪的处罚力度,体现了“坚持受贿行贿一起查”的政策精神。如果把其误读为“受贿行贿一并罚”或“受贿行贿并重罚”,不仅会强化行贿人与受贿人之间的“攻守同盟”,使不敢腐的有效制约因素减少,反而造成贿赂犯罪滋生,而且造成刑法与司法解释之间的体系性矛盾,不利于发挥刑法的激励效应。发现概率与惩罚概率是社会控制的关键因素,有利于实现积极的一般预防。刑法的目的是预防犯罪,刑法立法与司法应当选择犯罪预防效果的最大化模式。从立法上,行贿犯罪治理需要建立有效的激励机制,既需要从正向激励上设置首犯免责条款,也需要从负向激励上构建严格实行行贿获利没收、行贿人黑名单等配套制度,增加行贿犯罪人的成本,降低行贿犯罪人的收益。The 12th Amendment to the Criminal Law increases the punishment for the crime of bribery,which reflects the spirit of the policy of“insisting on active and passive bribery being investigated together”.If it is misread as“punishing both active and passive bribery”or“accepting severely punishing between active and passive bribes”,it will not only strengthen the“offensive and defensive alliance”between the briber and the bribe-taker,and reduce the effective restraint factors against corruption,but will also cause the crime of bribery to flourish,and a systemic contradiction between the criminal law and judicial interpretations as well,which is not conducive to giving full play to the incentive effect of the criminal law.Probability of discovery and probability of punishment are key factors of social control,which are conducive to the achievement of active general prevention.The purpose of criminal law is to prevent crime,and the legislation and judiciary of criminal law should choose the mode of maximizing the effect of crime prevention.In terms of legislation,it is necessary to establish an effective incentive mechanism for the governance of bribery crimes,which requires both positive incentives to set up exemption clauses for the first offender,and negative incentives to build supporting systems such as strict implementation of bribery profit confiscation and blacklist of bribe-givers,so as to increase the cost of bribery offenders and reduce the benefits of bribery offenders.

关 键 词：《刑法修正案(十二)》 行贿犯罪 预防犯罪 攻守同盟 首犯免罪条款 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]