土地犯罪刑事风险探究与规制——基于行刑衔接的犯罪治理逻辑  

The Exploration and Regulation of the Criminal Risks of Land Crimes——Based on the Governance Logic of Crimes in the Connection Between Administrative Law and Criminal Law

作　　者：杨猛 YANG Meng

机构地区：[1]同济大学法学院人工智能社会治理协同创新中心 [2]同济大学法学院刑事法教研部 [3]同济大学法学院刑事法研究中心

出　　处：《上海政法学院学报(法治论丛)》2025年第2期91-105,共15页Journal of Shanghai University of Political Science & Law(The Rule of Law Forum)

基　　金：2022年度上海市哲学社会科学一般项目“衍生性数据犯罪的动态刑事风险与类型化规制”的阶段性研究成果,项目编号:2022BFX008;2023年度中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助“交通运输系统数字化转型之刑事风险与类型化规制研究”的阶段性研究成果,项目编号:22120230354;2024年度最高人民检察院检察理论研究课题“检察权运行制约监督机制质效研究”的阶段性研究成果,项目编号:GJ2024D70。

摘　　要：从计划经济中的固化配额制到市场经济中杠杆作用的集中释放,土地资源流转交易更加活跃,在增进土地利用与交换价值的同时,也增大了土地犯罪风险。土地犯罪风险与土地法益类型具有相关性,土地流转过程涉及土地管理秩序法益、土地审批过程涉及公职廉洁性法益、土地开发使用过程又可能涉及环境资源保护法益,在以上土地审批、流转、交易、开发过程中对相关法益的损害必然会生成多元刑事风险。基于此,根据法益之间的关联性,可将土地犯罪类型化为直接性土地犯罪与间接性土地犯罪。通过规范保护目的的实质化调整,应当形成土地犯罪的前置行政立法和刑事立法的有效衔接,即前置法中要明确细化土地管理规定,为刑事违法评价提供一般性违法前提;在刑事法中设置专属的双层次土地犯罪规制体系,并以法益的实质损害作为评价的逻辑基础,进而实现土地资源的有效保护与利用。From the rigid quota system in the planned economy to the intensive utilization of leverage mechanisms in the market economy,the transaction of land resource circulation has become increasingly active.While enhancing land utilization efficiency and exchange value,this trend has simultaneously amplified risks of land-related crimes.Land criminal risks demonstrate correlation with types of legal interests associated with land:the circulation process implicates legal interests in land administration order,the approval process involves legal interests related to official integrity,while the development process may infringe upon environmental resource protection interests.Damages to these legal interests throughout land approval,circulation,transaction,and development processes inevitably generate diversified criminal risks.Based on this analysis,land crimes can be systematically categorized into direct and indirect types according to the interconnectivity of legal interests.Through substantive adjustments aligned with the protective purposes of legal norms,effective legislative coordination should be established between preceding administrative legislation and criminal legislation.Specifically,administrative regulations should clarify and refine land management provisions to establish foundational prerequisites for criminal illegality assessments.Concurrently,the criminal code should establish a dual-tiered regulatory system specifically for land crimes,with substantive harm to legal interests serving as the logical basis for evaluation,thereby achieving effective protection and rational utilization of land resources.

关 键 词：土地犯罪 刑事风险 规范保护目的 行刑衔接 

分 类 号：DF639[政治法律—刑法学]