受雇算法:公司为人工智能承担责任的劳动模型  

Employed Algorithms:A Labor Model of Corporate Liability for AI

作　　者： 王延川(译) 李倩琳(译) Mihailis E.Diamantis;WANG Yanchuan;LI Qianlin

机构地区：[1]爱荷华大学法学院 [2]西北工业大学 [3]武汉大学法学院

出　　处：《上海政法学院学报(法治论丛)》2025年第2期141-176,共36页Journal of Shanghai University of Political Science & Law(The Rule of Law Forum)

基　　金：2020年度最高人民检察院检察理论一般项目“智慧检务中的算法决策规范研究”的阶段性研究成果,项目编号:GJ2020C42。

摘　　要：算法与它们正在取代的人类员工有一个共同特性:它们同样具备造成伤害的能力。在通常情况下,公司应对算法损害负责,但现有的公司责任评估规则是在只有人类才能代表公司行为的时代产生的。这些规则应用于算法损害并不适当,甚至完全无法适用。一些公司已经发现了这一法律漏洞,并正在迅速实现业务功能自动化,以降低自身的责任风险。应该寻求一种能够让公司对其数字劳动力造成的损害承担责任的方法:在认定公司法律责任的情境下,某些算法应被视为公司员工。借鉴现有的雇佣关系功能性定位,应将“受雇算法”定义为公司对其进行实质性控制并从中获得实质性收益的算法。如果公司雇佣的算法造成了刑事或民事损害,公司应如同为人类员工造成的损害负责一样,对算法损害承担责任。原告和检察官可以利用现有的、以员工为中心的责任规则,在数字劳动力存在不当行为时追究公司责任。One feature that algorithms share with the human employees they are replacing is their capacity to cause harm.Ordinarily,corporate employers would be responsible for these injuries,but the rules for assessing corporate liability arose at a time when only humans could act on behalf of corporations.Those rules apply awkwardly,if at all,to silicon.Some corporations have already discovered this legal loophole and are rapidly automating business functions to limit their own liability risk.This article seeks a way to hold corporations accountable for the harms of their digital workforce:some algorithms should be treated,for liability purposes,as corporate employees.Drawing on existing functional characterizations of employment,the article defines the concept of an“employed algorithm”as one over which a corporation exercises substantial control and from which it derives substantial benefits.If a corporation employs an algorithm that causes criminal or civil harm,the corporation should be liable just as if the algorithm were a human employee.Plaintiffs and prosecutors could then leverage existing,employee-focused liability rules to hold corporations accountable when the digital workforce transgresses.

关 键 词：受雇算法 劳动模型 实质性收益 实质性控制 

分 类 号：DF529[政治法律—民商法学]