职务犯罪案件监察机关指定管辖的理论反思与制度完善  

Theoretical Reflection and System Improvement on the System of DesignatedJurisdiction of Oversight Authorities in Cases of Corruption Crimes

作　　者：王海硕 Wang Haishuo(School of Criminal Justice,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学刑事司法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《中南财经政法大学研究生论丛》2024年第6期62-71,共10页Journal of the Postgraduates of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law

摘　　要：适用条件和标准的模糊性使指定管辖制度成为我国监察机关调查职务犯罪的一种新常态。然指定管辖作为法定管辖原则的例外,监察机关适用的“常态化”不仅导致职务犯罪的调查程序背离了“审判中心主义”的刑事诉讼基本理念,而且在实践中对后续司法管辖造成一定冲击。该制度在职务犯罪追诉中没有认识到管辖之于被追诉人权利的一面,从而造成对权利的侵害。刑事管辖制度集权力制约和权利保障于一身,监察指定管辖制度应从限制权力和保障权利两个角度来制约国家权力无序扩张。即一方面,应以“审判中心主义”纠偏监察指定管辖理论,基于法定法官原则限制监察指定管辖的适用并完善与后续司法管辖的衔接;另一方面,在刑事诉讼中引入应诉权概念,并完善被追诉人“全流程”的管辖权异议制度。监察指定管辖制度保持在权力限制和权利保障的双重制约下,对我国在全面推进反腐败工作和推动人权保障方面,有着重要的时代意义。The ambiguity of applicable conditions and standards has made the designated jurisdiction system a new normal for China's oversight authorities to investigate corruption crimes.However,as an exception to the principle of statutory jurisdiction,the“normalization”of its application by oversight authorities not only leads to the investigation procedures of official crimes deviating from the fundamental concept of“trial-centered”criminal proceedings but also causes a certain impact on subsequent judicial jurisdiction in practice.The root cause of the criticism of this system in the prosecution of official crimes lies in the failure to recognize the aspect of jurisdiction concerning the rights of the accused,thereby causing infringements on rights.The criminal jurisdiction system combines the restraint of power and the protection of rights.The system of designated jurisdiction of oversight authorities should be constrained from two perspectives:limiting power and protecting rights,to curb the unregulated expansion of state power.On the one hand,the theory of designated jurisdiction by oversight authorities should be corrected with the“trial-centered”approach,limiting its application based on the principle of statutory judges and improving the connection with subsequent judicial jurisdiction.On the other hand,the concept of the right to be sued should be introduced in criminal proceedings,and the system of jurisdictional objections for the accused throughout the“entire process”should be perfected.Maintaining the system of designated jurisdiction of oversight authorities under the dual constraints of power limitation and rights protection has significant contemporary importance for our country in comprehensively advancing anti-corruption efforts and promoting human rights protection.

关 键 词：监察指定管辖 审判中心主义 法定法官原则 应诉权 管辖权异议 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]