用于人体呼出氨检测的气体传感器研究现状  

Research Status of Gas Sensors for the Detection of Ammonia in Human Exhaled Breath

作　　者：伊宏宇 李延生 高国伟[1,2] 王可 YI Hongyu;LI Yansheng;GAO Guowei;WANG Ke(Beijing Information Science and Technology University,Beijing Key Laboratory of Sensors,Beijing 100101,China;Beijing Information Science and Technology University,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Modern Measurement and Control Technology,Beijing 100192,China;Liaocheng Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital,Liaocheng 252000,China)

机构地区：[1]北京信息科技大学传感器北京市重点实验室,北京100101 [2]北京信息科技大学现代测控技术教育部重点实验室,北京100192 [3]聊城市中医医院,山东聊城252000

出　　处：《传感器世界》2025年第2期1-8,共8页Sensor World

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.62101053);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(No.RXRC2022001);北京市教育委员会科学研究计划项目(No.KM202211232004);北京市属高等学校高水平科研创新团队建设支持计划项目(No.BPHR20220124)。

摘　　要：氨作为人体代谢的关键产物,其浓度变化与多种生理及病理状态紧密相关。通过分析呼出气体中的氨浓度,能够实现非侵入性的疾病诊断。当前,呼出氨的检测设备主要可分为质谱分析仪器和气敏传感器两大类。其中,气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)在定性与定量分析方面表现出高度准确性,但其在临床应用中的普及仍面临诸多限制。相比之下,气敏传感器凭借易于集成、体积小、成本低及操作便捷等显著优势,在大规模人群的疾病诊断与早期筛查中展现出广阔的应用前景。文章全面综述了呼出氨的检测方法,深入探讨了各类呼出氨气体传感器的工作原理、性能特征、传感技术的优势与挑战,并展望了其在医学诊断领域的未来潜力。Ammonia is a crucial product of human metabolism,and its concentration is associated with various physiological and pathological states.Analyzing the ammonia concentration in exhaled breath enables non-invasive diagnosis.Currently,the detection of exhaled ammonia primarily relies on mass spectrometry instruments and gas sensors.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry offers high precision in both qualitative and quantitative analysis;however,its clinical application remains limited.In contrast,gas sensors,with their advantages of easy integration,miniaturization,low cost,and simple operation,show great potential in disease diagnosis and early screening for large populations.The paper reviews the detection methods of exhaled ammonia,discusses the working mechanisms,performance characteristics,advantages,and challenges of different types of ammonia gas sensors,and looks forward to the future potential of these sensors in medical diagnosis.

关 键 词：人体呼出氨 气体传感器 检测方法 医学诊断 

分 类 号：R446[医药卫生—诊断学] TP212[医药卫生—临床医学]