在合理范围内处理:大数据侦查中个人信息保护与利用的平衡  

Processing Within a Reasonable Scope:Balance Between the Protection and Utilization of Personal Information in Big Data Investigation

作　　者：赵祖斌 ZHAO Zubin(School of Criminal Justice,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学刑事司法学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《中国海商法研究》2025年第1期56-65,共10页Chinese Journal of Maritime Law

基　　金：2023年度中国博士后科学基金资助项目“大数据侦查中个人信息保护研究”(2023M733922);2023年度中南财经政法大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“大数据侦查中个人信息保护研究”(2722023BQ034)。

摘　　要：大数据时代,个人信息附着多重利益,由此决定了个人信息保护与利用是立法乃至包括侦查在内的涉及个人信息处理实践必须遵循的根本性理念。大数据侦查对此理念带来了冲击,实践中重个人信息利用轻个人信息保护,出现了过度收集个人信息、个人信息处理目的泛化、扭曲使用个人信息、个人信息存储期限过长等问题。解决这些问题的根本方法是在合理范围内处理个人信息,“在合理范围内处理”意味着个人信息处理具有正当性和规范性,对个人权益影响合理。“在合理范围内处理”作为平衡个人信息保护与利用的工具,可以限制侦查机关的数据权力,保障数字人权。为确保侦查机关在合理范围内处理个人信息,必须健全个人信息保护制度,重塑强制性措施体系,强化大数据侦查中个人信息处理的监管,完善大数据侦查的规则体系。In the digital-transformation era,big data has rendered personal information a vital nexus of multiple interests.Consequently,the protection and utilization of personal information have become fundamental principles in legislation and related practices,especially in criminal investigation.Big data investigation helps provide law enforcement with new means to enhance crime-solving efficiency.For example,analyzing large-scale data can quickly reveal previously hidden patterns.However,it also disrupts the balance between the protection and utilization of personal information.In practice,over-emphasis on using personal information for investigation while neglecting its protection has led to several problems.Excessive collection of personal information is a common issue.Law enforcement often gathers more data than necessary for a case,such as an individual’s entire digital footprint including browsing history,shopping habits,and communication records.This violates the data-minimization principle and increases privacy risks.For instance,in an ordinary criminal case,data from multiple digital platforms like e-commerce sites and online communication apps may be collected without a clear link to the crime.The generalization of processing purposes is also concerning.The reasons for processing personal information are no longer strictly tied to specific investigative goals.Information collected for one case can be misused for another case without proper authorization,undermining public trust in law enforcement and weakening the legal and ethical framework.Distorted use of personal information is another obstacle.Data can be manipulated through cherry-picking,misinterpreting statistical analyses,or due to algorithmic biases.In predictive-policing cases,flawed algorithms can unjustly target certain individuals or communities,resulting in discriminatory outcomes.Overly long storage of personal information is risky.It not only increases the vulnerability to data breaches as cyber-threats constantly evolving,but also violates

关 键 词：大数据侦查 个人信息保护 个人信息利用 合理处理 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]