燃油低硫化对船舶排放有机物的组成和粒径分布的影响  

Impact of fuel desulfurization on the composition and size distribution of organic emissions from ships

作　　者：李依蒙 刘泽宇 张帆[2] 张艳[1] 李军[3] 陈颖军 LI Yimeng;LIU Zeyu;ZHANG Fan;ZHANG Yan;LI Jun;CHEN Yingjun(Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention,Department of Environmental Science and Engineering,Fudan University,Shanghai 200438,China;Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education,School of Geographic Sciences,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;State Key Laboratory of Advanced Environmental Technology,Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学环境科学与工程系,上海市大气颗粒物污染防治重点实验室,上海200438 [2]华东师范大学地理科学学院,地理信息科学教育部重点实验室,上海200241 [3]中国科学院广州地球化学研究所,先进环境装备与污染防治技术全国重点实验室,广东广州510640

出　　处：《地球化学》2025年第2期159-166,共8页Geochimica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(42177086)资助。

摘　　要：船舶尾气是近岸和港口城市的重要污染源。燃油低硫化作为船舶污染控制的重要举措,对传统污染物的减排效果已被证实,但对有机物的排放特征和粒径谱的影响尚不明确。本研究对一艘20万吨的大型远洋船舶开展排放实测,考察油品(S含量分别为0.43%的重质燃料油(HFO)和0.05%的船用柴油(MGO))、发动机类型(主机和辅机)对有机碳(OC)和正构烷烃(n-alkanes)的排放因子(EF)和粒径分布的影响。结果表明:①主机燃用HFO和MGO的EF_(OC)值分别为881.8±94.8 mg/kg和483.6±105.2 mg/kg,正构烷烃排放因子(EF_(n-alkanes))分别为33.8±13.3 mg/kg和16.0±6.2 mg/kg,表明油品低硫化能显著减少主机的有机物排放;②辅机使用MGO的EF_(OC)和EF_(n-alkanes)值分别为103.2±22.4 mg/kg和0.9±0.4 mg/kg,均远小于主机;其中油品低硫化对辅机排放OC的影响较小(降低7%),而对正构烷烃的影响较大(降低47%);③使用MGO排放的OC和正构烷烃在粒径<0.1μm的超细粒径段占比分别是HFO的2.3倍和1.6倍,其中辅机在此粒径段的占比是主机的2.3倍和2.4倍,说明MGO相对于HFO以及辅机相对于主机排放的有机物更趋于在细粒径段分布;④燃油类型对正构烷烃分子组成的影响强于发动机类型,HFO和MGO排放的正构烷烃主峰碳分别为C_(26)和C_(23),其中超细粒径段上的正构烷烃碳链更长,说明船舶尾气中不同粒径段分布的正构烷烃具有不同来源与生成途径。Ship exhaust is a significant source of air pollution in coastal and port cities.As a key policy for ship pollution control,fuel desulfurization can effectively reduce traditional pollutants.However,its impact on the characteristics and particle size distribution of organic emissions remains unclear.This study investigates the effects of fuel oils(HFO and MGO,with sulfur content of 0.43% and 0.05%,respectively)and engine types(main engine and auxiliary engine)on the emission factors and particle size distribution of organic carbon(OC)and normal paraffin(n-alkanes).Emission measurements were conducted on a 200-kiloton ocean-going vessel.The results reveal that:(1)The OC emission factors(EF_(OC))of the main engine using HFO and MGO were 881.8±94.8 mg/kg and 483.6±105.2 mg/kg,respectively,while the EF_(n-alkanes)were 33.8±13.3 mg/kg and 16.0±6.2 mg/kg,respectively,indicating that lower sulfur oil can significantly reduce OC and n-alkane emissions of the main engine.(2)The EF_(OC)and EF_(n-alkanes)of the auxiliary engine using MGO were 103.2±22.4 mg/kg and 0.9±0.4 mg/kg,respectively,which are much lower than those of the main engine.The lower sulfur content of oil has a smaller impact on OC emission(decrease by 7%)from the auxiliary engine and a significant impact on n-alkanes(decrease by 47%).(3)The proportion of OC and n-alkanes emitted by MGO in the ultrafine particle size range(<0.1μm)was 2.3 and 1.6 times higher than that of HFO,respectively,with the proportion from auxiliary engine in this size range being 2.3 and 2.4 times higher than that from the main engine.(4)The influence of fuel type on n-alkane composition is stronger than that of engine type.The main carbon peaks of the n-alkanes emitted by HFO and MGO are C_(26)and C_(23),respectively.Among them,longer carbon chains of n-alkanes were observed in ultrafine particles,indicating that n-alkanes in different size ranges of ship-emission particles may originate from distinct sources and formation pathways.

关 键 词：船舶排放 粒径分布 超低硫油 有机碳 正构烷烃 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]