水泵水轮机尾水管涡带对机组稳定性特性影响研究  

Study on the Impact of Vortex Shedding in the Draft Tube of a Pump-Turbine on Unit Stability Characteristics

作　　者：王正伟[1] 田茂刚 宋希杰 陈显龙 雷家旺 WANG Zhengwei;TIAN Maogang;SONG Xijie;CHEN Xianlong;LEI Jiawang(Department of Energy and Power Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Henan Xinhua Wuyue Pumped Storage Power Generation Co.,Ltd.,Xinyang 465450,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学能源与动力工程系,北京100084 [2]河南新华五岳抽水蓄能发电有限公司,河南信阳465450

出　　处：《大电机技术》2025年第2期105-112,共8页Large Electric Machine and Hydraulic Turbine

基　　金：河南五岳抽水蓄能电站机组振动性能及轴系多场耦合性能评估项目(XHWY-A-2023-DL-KY01);国家自然科学基金项目(52306042)。

摘　　要：尾水管涡带是造成水泵水轮机水力振动的重要因素之一。为研究水泵水轮机尾水管涡带对机组稳定性的影响,本文以五岳抽水蓄能电站为依托,基于SST k-ω湍流模型,针对水泵水轮机三种不同运行工况进行数值模拟。重点比较了不同开度下水泵水轮机尾水管涡带对机组稳定性特性影响。结果表明:水泵水轮机在偏离最优工况下运行时,在直锥管中心位置出现了大范围的低压区,尾水管内部产生清晰可见的涡带。由于涡带产生,会在尾水管直锥段形成同心圆柱形状的高湍动能区。随着导叶开度的增大,尾水管涡带在不断增大,在大开度下,转轮压力脉动低频脉动的影响逐渐减弱,受高频脉动影响大,转轮和尾水管压力脉动波动幅度较大。涡带产生的压力脉动逆向传递到水泵水轮机的转轮内,导致转轮叶片上的应力分布不均匀,在叶片根部出现较大的应力集中区域。随着导叶开度的增加,转轮中的应力集中区域呈现不断扩大的趋势,应力大小也在不断增加。因此,此水泵水轮机可在20°开度下长期运行,应避开在30°下运行。The draft tube vortex rope is one of the primary factors causing hydraulic vibrations in pump-turbines.To investigate its impact on unit stability,this study conducts numerical simulations based on the SST k-ωturbulence model for three operating conditions of a pump-turbine at the Wuyue Pumped Storage Power Station.The analysis focuses on comparing the effects of vortex ropes on stability characteristics under varying guide vane openings.The results indicate that when operating away from the optimal condition,a large low-pressure zone forms at the center of the straight conical pipe,accompanied by a visually distinct vortex rope inside the draft tube.This vortex rope generates a high turbulent kinetic energy zone with concentric cylindrical shapes in the straight conical section.As the guide vane opening increases,the vortex rope expands.Under larger openings,the influence of low-frequency pressure fluctuations on the runner weakens,while high-frequency fluctuations dominate,leading to significant pressure pulsations in both the runner and draft tube.These pulsations propagate upstream to the runner,causing uneven stress distribution on the blades and pronounced stress concentrations at their roots.With increasing guide vane opening,the stress concentration areas expand,and stress magnitudes rise.Therefore,the pump-turbine can operate sustainably at a 20°opening but should avoid operation at 30°.

关 键 词：水泵水轮机 数值模拟 涡带 压力脉动 机组稳定 

分 类 号：TV734.1[水利工程—水利水电工程]