发电机碳刷打火机理及其特征研究  

Study on the Ignition Mechanism and Characteristics of Generator Carbon Brushes

作　　者：三梅英 黄泽 高涛 权统 肖遥 赵社强 SAN Meiying;HUANG Ze;GAO Tao;QUAN Tong;XIAO Yao;ZHAO Sheqiang(Huanghe Hydropower Development Co.,Ltd.,Xining 810000,China;Dong Fang Electric Machinery Co.,Ltd.,Deyang 618000,China)

机构地区：[1]黄河上游水电开发有限责任公司,西宁810000 [2]东方电气集团东方电机有限公司,四川德阳618000

出　　处：《大电机技术》2025年第2期132-137,143,共7页Large Electric Machine and Hydraulic Turbine

摘　　要：碳刷与集电环构成的滑动接触导流系统,运行时面临电气、机械、化学等多种复杂应力的作用,这些因素容易导致载流不均、温升过高、打火等多种故障。在大型发电机组运维中,碳刷与集电环的工作状态一直是一个关键且具有挑战性的重点,其中碳刷打火是最为严重的故障之一。目前,行业内对于碳刷打火的原因和维护措施开展了大量的研究工作,但是对于碳刷打火的机理缺少系统性的研究。本文从电接触理论和气体放电理论等方面入手,深入分析了碳刷打火的机理和磨损机理,并验证了碳刷打火过程中的光和电磁特征,为碳刷打火的监测和运维提供了有力的理论支撑。The sliding contact system composed of carbon brushes and slip rings faces complex stresses during operation,including electrical,mechanical,and chemical factors,which can easily lead to various faults such as uneven current distribution,excessive temperature rise,and sparking.The working condition of carbon brushes and slip rings has always been a key and challenging focus in the operation and maintenance of large generators,with sparking of carbon brushes being one of the most serious faults.Currently,the industry has conducted extensive research on the causes and maintenance measures of carbon brush sparking,but lacks systematic research into its mechanism.This paper approaches the issue from electrical contact theory and gas discharge theory,conducting an in-depth analysis of the mechanism and wear mechanism of carbon brush sparking,and verifying the optical and electromagnetic characteristics during the carbon brush sparking process,providing robust theoretical support for the monitoring and maintenance of carbon brush sparking.

关 键 词：发电机 碳刷打火 集电环 

分 类 号：TM31[电气工程—电机]