诗钟的历史发展及其狂欢化特征  

The Historical Development Status and the Carnival Characteristics of Shi Zhong

作　　者：黄乃江[1] HUANG Naijiang

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学文学院,福建福州350007

出　　处：《海峡人文学刊》2025年第1期28-38,115,158,159,共14页Journal of Humanities Across the Straits

摘　　要：诗钟自从清代乾隆、嘉庆年间在闽地产生以来,迄今已有250年左右的历史,其间创立的诗钟社团及相关组织逾500个,文体功能也由最初的书塾“课艺”,发展成文人雅士间竞技斗捷的“游戏”工具,进而衍化为反抗异族统治、保存和延续中华传统文化的“载道”之体,在近现代社会文化生活中尤其是“在台湾文学史上一再发生重要的影响”,是继唐诗、宋词、元曲之后中国古典诗学的又一次狂欢。用巴赫金的狂欢诗学理论来对清代中叶以来诗钟发展盛况,尤其是晚清民国时期诗钟社团林立现象进行观照,更能看出诗钟活动的狂欢化特征。巴赫金有关狂欢化特征的描述——“广场性”与“全民性”、“加(脱)冕”与“讽刺性摹拟”、“戏剧的规则”、“特别的状态”、“随便而又亲昵的接触”等,在诗钟活动中都能找到一一对应的具体呈现。Shi Zhong emerged in Fujian during the reign of Emperor Qianlong and Emperor Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty,has a history of about 250 years,and more than 500 associations and related organizations were founded during this period.The stylistic function of Shi Zhong also changed from the original private schools“lesson art”,developed into the“game”tool for the literati to compete and win,and then evolved into the body of“conveying truth”for revolting against the alien rule,and preserving and continuing the Chinese traditional culture.Shi Zhong has played an important role in the modern social and cultural life,especially in the history of Taiwan literature,making another carnival of Chinese classical poetics following Tang poetry,Song Ci and Yuan songs.If we use the theory of Bakhtin’s carnival poetics to observe the development of Shi Zhong since the middle of the Qing Dynasty,especially the phenomenon of numerous Shi Zhong societies in the poetic circles of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China,more can see the carnival characteristics of the activity of Shi Zhong.Bakhtin’s description of the carnival characteristics—“the nature of square”and“the nature of whole people”,“coronate(de-coronate)”and“ironic imitation”,“the rules of drama”,“the special state”,“casual and intimate contact”etc.,can be found corresponding manifestations in the activity of Shi Zhong.

关 键 词：诗钟 历史发展状况 社会影响 狂欢化特征 

分 类 号：I207.2[文学—中国文学]