木材微观结构分析方法与特征参数  

Analysis methods and characteristic parameters of wood microstructure

作　　者：漆楚生[1] 詹志斌 戴璐 Qi Chusheng;Zhan Zhibin;Dai Lu(Key Laboratory of Wood Material Science and Application(Beijing Forestry University),Ministry of Education,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]木质材料科学与应用教育部重点实验室(北京林业大学),北京100083

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报》2025年第3期7-18,共12页Journal of Beijing Forestry University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2200501);山东省中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(YDZX2024086)。

摘　　要：木材是一种多尺度、高度各向异性的天然高分子材料,其由纤维素、半纤维素和木质素等成分构成复杂的三维网络结构。这些结构是决定木材微观与宏观物理力学性能的关键因素,木材的微观结构和主要特征参数对于理解木材性质、木材改性以及加工利用具有重要意义。本文综合分析了木材微观结构的分析方法,并归纳总结了其主要特征参数。在分析方法方面,显微观察、X射线照相及衍射分析、计算机断层扫描等技术被广泛应用,结合数据采集以及二维和三维成像方法,可以重建木材的微观结构模型,进而测量微观结构的特征参数。重建的结构模型能够更清晰地揭示木材的微观形貌特征。木材的微观特征参数主要包括细胞结构特征参数、孔隙率和纤维素微纤丝参数等。目前微观结构的观测研究多集中在微米尺度,而对于纳米尺度以及更小分子尺度结构的分析,主要依赖于理论模拟。因此,能够直接观察和表征这些更小尺度结构的分析方法有待进一步研发。Wood is a multi-scale and highly anisotropic natural polymer material,which consists of cellulose,hemicellulose,lignin and other components of a complex three-dimensional network structure.These structures are the key factors affecting micro-macroscopic physical and mechanical properties of wood,and the microstructure and main characteristic parameters of wood are of great significance to the understanding of properties of wood as well as wood modification and processing and utilization.This paper comprehensively analyzes the methods of wood microstructure analysis and summarizes its main characteristic parameters.In terms of analytical methods,microscopic observation,X-ray radiography and diffraction analysis,computed tomography and other technologies were widely used,combined with data acquisition and two-dimensional and three-dimensional imaging methods,can reconstruct wood microstructural models,measure microstructural parameters,and reconstructed structural models revealed clearer micro-morphological features.The microstructural parameters of wood mainly include cellular structure parameters,porosity,cellulose microfilaments and other parameters of wood.At present,the observation and study of microstructure is mostly limited to the micron scale,and the analysis of nanoscale and smaller molecular scale structure is mainly based on theoretical simulation,and the structural analysis methods that can be directly observed and characterized need to be further studied in depth.

关 键 词：木材 微观结构 特征参数 显微分析 MICRO-CT 

分 类 号：S781.1[农业科学—木材科学与技术]