北京市朝阳区公园绿地中外来入侵植物与本地植物群落特征对比  

Comparison of alien invasive plant and native plant community characteristics in park green space of Chaoyang District,Beijing

作　　者：张倩倩[1] 曲晨晖 梁婉婷 付琪瑶 侯继华[1] Zhang Qianqian;Qu Chenhui;Liang Wanting;Fu Qiyao;Hou Jihua(School of Ecology and Nature Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院,北京100083

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报》2025年第3期116-127,共12页Journal of Beijing Forestry University

基　　金：朝阳区生物多样性规划编制及调查和评估。

摘　　要：【目的】外来植物的入侵对城市公园绿地的生物多样性和生态系统稳定性构成威胁。本研究旨在探讨公园绿地中不同生境下外来植物入侵现状及其与本地优势种及常见种的种间关系,为制定有效的防控措施和生态安全管理策略提供科学依据。【方法】本研究以朝阳区10个外来植物分布广泛的公园为研究区域,通过α多样性、生态位宽度、生态位重叠和种间联结指数分析不同生境中外来入侵植物的多样性和生态位宽度,以及外来入侵植物与本地优势种及常见种的生态位重叠和种间联结。【结果】(1)北京市朝阳区公园绿地的草地、林地和湿地生境中共记录到31种外来入侵植物,隶属于13科24属,其中菊科植物占比最大;外来入侵植物和本地植物的多样性指数在不同生境中均无显著差异,外来入侵植物的丰富度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数在3种生境中均显著低于本地植物;(2)药用蒲公英是3种生境内生态位宽度最大的外来入侵植物,但与本地优势种及常见种之间的生态位重叠程度低;(3)3种生境内的外来入侵植物与本地优势种及常见种的生态位重叠与种间联结程度均较低,种间竞争能力较弱。【结论】目前北京市朝阳区公园绿地中外来入侵植物的入侵程度较低,植物群落处于不稳定的早期演替阶段,种间关系松散,尚未形成稳定结构。因此,应加强外来入侵植物的监测与管理,优化本地草本植物群落结构,提高其稳定性与抗入侵能力。[Objective]The invasion of alien plants poses threats to the biodiversity and ecosystem stability in urban park green space.This study aimed to explore current status of alien plant invasion in different habitats within park green space and their interspecific relationship with native dominant and common species,providing a scientific basis for effective control and ecological safety management strategies.[Method]This study was conducted in ten parks with widespread distribution of alien plants in Chaoyang District,Beijing.Usingα-diversity,niche breadth,niche overlap,and interspecific association indices,we analyzed the diversity and niche breadth of alien invasive plants in different habitats,as well as the niche overlap and interspecific association between alien invasive plants and native dominant and common species.[Result](1)A total of 31 species of alien invasive plants belonging to 13 families and 24 genera were recorded in the grassland,woodland,and wetland habitats of park green space in Chaoyang District,Beijing,with the largest proportion belonging to the Asteraceae family.There were no significant differences in species diversity of alien invasive plants and native plants across different habitats.However,the species richness,species diversity measured by Shannon-Wiener index,and Simpson's dominance index of alien invasive plants were significantly lower than those of native plants in three habitats.(2)Taraxacum officinale had the largest niche breadth among the alien invasive plants in all three habitats,but its niche overlap with native dominant and common species was low.(3)The niche overlap and interspecific association between alien invasive plants and native dominant and common species were low in all three habitats,indicating weak interspecific competitive ability.[Conclusion]Currently,the invasion of alien invasive plants in the park green space of Chaoyang District,Beijing,is relatively low,and the plant communities are in an unstable early succession stage with loose interspecific relations

关 键 词：生境 外来入侵植物 本地植物 生态位 种间联结 

分 类 号：Q948.5[生物学—植物学]