城市公园树木安全风险评估-以北京动物园为例  

Tree safety risk assessment in urban parks:taking Beijing Zoo as an example

作　　者：国健 乔红雍 袁涛[1] 王树标[2] 牟宁宁[2] 贾建飞 席帆 夏炜 Guo Jian;Qiao Hongyong;Yuan Tao;Wang Shubiao;Mou Ningning;Jia Jianfei;Xi Fan;Xia Wei(School of Landscape Architecture,National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture,Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation&Molecular Breeding,Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment,Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Beijing Zoo,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学园林学院,国家花卉工程技术研究中心,花卉种质创新与分子育种北京市重点实验室,城乡生态环境北京实验室,林木花卉遗传育种教育部重点实验室,北京100083 [2]北京动物园,北京100044

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报》2025年第3期128-138,共11页Journal of Beijing Forestry University

基　　金：北京园林绿化增彩延绿科技创新工程项目(2019-KJC-02-10)。

摘　　要：【目的】城市公园绿地内种植大量树木,其安全隐患常被忽视。准确掌握树木健康状况,进行树木安全风险评估,旨在为树木安全管理提供依据。【方法】以北京动物园内胸径10 cm以上乔木为研究对象,通过目测和简易工具调查树体健康状况,运用层次分析法评估树木安全风险等级,采用因子分析法分析北京动物园内树木安全风险潜在影响因子。通过PiCUS-3弹性波树木断层诊断仪检测树干中空状况。【结果】(1)北京动物园内胸径10 cm以上乔木有6361株,包括103株极高风险树、229株高风险树、363株中风险树和5666株低风险树。风险等级极高和高的树种为毛白杨、槐树、刺槐、泡桐和绦柳,具有树干破损、树干异常音、严重偏冠、有病虫害、树基松动等总体特征。(2)树干(树干>0.3 m部分)破损、树干基部(树干≤0.3 m部分)破损、根系异常是北京动物园排名前3的树木安全风险潜在影响因子。(3)PiCUS-3弹性波树木断层诊断仪与简易工具对绦柳树干中空状况的检测差异性极大,而对毛白杨、泡桐等树种检测未见明显差异。【结论】城市动物园中,树种、树龄和树体体量等内在因素以及树木立地条件、异常天气、游人或动物破坏等外部因素共同决定树木健康状况。树木健康状况和栽植位置综合决定树木安全风险等级的高低。弹性波树木断层诊断仪有助于提高评估准确度,调查评估时可针对性地使用。本文首次在城市动物园开展树木安全风险评估,对城市公园树木安全风险管理、建立树木安全监测机制有参考和借鉴意义。[Objective]Green spaces in urban parks contain a large number of trees whose safety hazards are often overlooked.Tree safety risk assessment and accurate grasping the safety status of trees can provide a basis for tree safety management.[Method]Trees with DBH≥10 cm in Beijing Zoo were used for the study.Tree health was investigated visually and with simple tools,hierarchical analysis was applied to assess the risk level of tree safety and factor analysis was used to analyze potential impact factors of tree safety risks in Beijing Zoo.Trunk hollow condition was detected by means of PiCUS-3 Sonic Tomograph.[Result](1)There were 6361 trees with DBH≥10 cm in Beijing Zoo,including 103 very high-risk trees,229 high-risk trees,363 medium-risk trees and 5666 low-risk trees.Those with extremely high and high risk levels were Populus tomentosa,Styphnolobium japonicum,Robinia pseudoacacia,Paulownia fortunei,Salix matsudana‘Pendula’with the general characteristics of broken trunks,abnormally toned trunks,severely deflected crowns,infested with pests and diseases,and loose tree bases.(2)The tree trunk(trunk height>0.3 m)breakage,the base of the tree trunk(trunk height≤0.3 m)damage and the root abnormalities were the top 3 potential influencing factors for tree safety risks in Beijing Zoo.(3)There was a significant difference in detection of hollow conditions within the trunks of Salix matsudana‘Pendula’between PiCUS-3 Sonic Tomograph and simple tools,however,no significant differences were observed between the two methods in tree species such as Populus tomentosa and Paulownia fortunei.[Conclusion]In urban zoos,the health status of trees is determined by both intrinsic factors such as tree species,age,and size,as well as external factors including site conditions,abnormal weather,and damage caused by visitors or animals.The safety risk level of trees is determined by a combination of their health status and their planted location.PiCUS-3 Sonic Tomograph can enhance the accuracy of evaluations and can be used sel

关 键 词：动物园 树木安全 风险评估 树木监测 城市林业 

分 类 号：S731[农业科学—林学]