澳洲坚果杂交F1代果实性状的遗传倾向分析  

Analysis of genetic tendencies in fruit traits of macadamia hybrid F1 generation

作　　者：李志强 吴超[1] 马静[1] 李婷玉 李扬 陶亮[1] 宫丽丹[1] LI Zhiqiang;WU Chao;MAJing;LI Tingyu;LI Yang;TAO Liang;GONG Lidan(Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops/Macadamia Agricultural Engineering Research Center of Yunnan Province,Xishuangbanna 666100,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省热带作物科学研究所·云南省澳洲坚果农业工程研究中心,云南西双版纳666100

出　　处：《果树学报》2025年第3期498-507,共10页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：云南省科技人才与平台计划(202405AD350061,202205AD160080);农业农村部热带作物种质资源保护项目(18220024)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析澳洲坚果杂交F1代果实相关性状的变异程度及遗传倾向,为澳洲坚果果实性状的遗传规律研究和杂交亲本的选配提供参考依据。【方法】以澳洲坚果品种O.C、863和344为亲本的3个杂交组合F1代(n=275)为试材,观测果实横径、果皮厚度,壳果横径等12个数量性状,进行杂种优势分析、概率分级和相关性分析。【结果】12个性状的变异系数范围为1.60%~27.10%。果实横径、果皮厚度、壳果横径、壳果纵径和油酸含量等5个性状表现为负向超亲遗传;出仁率、脂肪、蛋白质和亚油酸含量等4个性状表现为趋中偏低遗传;棕榈油酸含量为趋中偏高遗传;总糖和亚麻酸含量表现为正向超亲遗传。正态检验和概率分级结果显示,除亚麻酸含量表现为双态或偏态分布外,其余11个性状均呈现正态分布;全部性状的概率分级频率的范围为8.87%~42.14%。12个性状间相关性存在显著和极显著相关的有34组,正相关和负相关的数量大致相同,果仁成分性状多为中度或弱相关。【结论】12个性状在澳洲坚果杂交F1代的变异程度相差较大,且表现出不同的遗传倾向,多数性状符合多基因控制的数量性状特征。【Objective】China has the largest area of macadamia cultivation.Extensive research on the genetic tendencies of key traits in the crop has been widely conducted.This study analyzed the variation and genetic tendencies of traits related to the fruits of hybrid F1 generation of macadamia,in order to offer valuable insights of the inheritance patterns of these traits and to select hybrid parent materials for hybridization.【Methods】Three hybrid combinations of macadamia varieties,O.C,863 and 344 were utilized to create a total of 275 F1 individuals,including 89 offspring from the combination O.C(♀)×344(♂),78 from O.C(♀)×863(♂),and 108 from 863(♀)×O.C(♂).Cross pollination was carried out in 2011 and seedlings from the crosses were planted in 2012 at the seed selection nursery of the Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops,and the trees have now all entered their peak production phase.Sixty mature fruit were selected from each lineage exhibiting normal growth,and 12 quantitative traits were measured,including fruit transverse diameter,husk thickness,nut transverse diameter,nut longitudinal diameter,kernel recovery,total sugar content,protein content,oil content,oleic acid content,linoleic acid content,alpha-linolenic acid content,and palmitoleic acid content.Phenotypic traits were measured using calipers,while nut quality traits were assessed using near-infrared grain analyzer(FOSS DS2500,USA).Raw data were recorded and processed using Office 2007.Statistical analysis and Pearson correlation analysis were conducted using SPSS 20 software.The statistical indicators included the coefficient of variation(CV),mid-parent heterosis(MPV),high-parent heterosis(BPH),lowparent heterosis(LPH),and the relative heritability of the male parent(af)and female parent(am).Frequency distribution and correlation plots of the fruit-related traits were treated using Origin 2021 and R,respectively.【Results】The results indicated that the coefficient of variation for the 12 traits ranged from 1.60%to 27.10%.Among the avera

关 键 词：澳洲坚果 杂交后代 果实性状 遗传倾向 相关性 

分 类 号：S664.9[农业科学—果树学]