20个海棠品种表型性状分析  

Analysis of the phenotypic traits of 20 crabapple varieties(Malus spp.)

作　　者：赵丹丹 张艳文 胡毅飞 吴晓军 刘伟超 张开明[1] 李菲 ZHAO Dandan;ZHANG Yanwen;HU Yifei;WU Xiaojun;LIUWeichao;ZHANG Kaiming;LI Fei(College of Landscape Architecture and Art,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,Henan,China;Xiping County Forestry Development Service Center,Xiping 463900,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学风景园林与艺术学院,郑州450002 [2]西平县林业发展服务中心,河南西平463900

出　　处：《果树学报》2025年第3期555-567,共13页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：河南农业大学和西平县政府校地合作项目:海棠资源调查研究(N0.30801928);河南省级财政林草种质资源建设项目:河南观赏海棠异地保护(编号:30603268)。

摘　　要：【目的】深入挖掘不同海棠品种果实的应用价值,实现对海棠资源的优质利用。【方法】以郑州地区栽培的20个海棠品种为试验材料,观测不同品种成熟期果实的果色,测定果实单果质量、果实横径、果实纵径、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、维生素C含量、果肉硬度等15个品质指标,利用聚类分析、主成分分析等方法对不同品种的果实进行综合分析评价。【结果】紫色完美是最早进入果实成熟期的品种,8月底即进入果实成熟期。丰盛进入果实脱落期最晚,挂果期最长,可达232 d。亚当、红珠宝、印第安魔力、印第安夏天、金色童话、高峰、皇家美人的果实可以宿存到第2年。海棠品种果实的表型差异较大,变异系数范围为8.05%~89.74%,其中变异系数最大的性状为单果质量,变异系数最小的为果形指数。主成分分析结果表明,影响海棠果实综合品质的主要因素与果实的大小、体积等外观品质及固酸比、维生素C含量等营养品质相关。【结论】在20个海棠品种中,高峰、皇家美人、印第安夏天、印第安魔力、红珠宝果实的挂果期长,适宜作为观果品种在园林中应用;丰盛、鲁道夫具有固酸比、维生素C含量较高的特点,适宜向果实加工方向发展。【Objective】The aim of the present experiment was to explore the fruit application value of different crabapple varieties and make full use of crabapple resources.【Methods】With 20 crabapple varieties in Zhengzhou as experimental materials,the fruit color of different varieties at the fruit ripening stage was observed,and single fruit mass,fruit transverse diameter,fruit longitudinal diameter,volume,soluble solid substances,titrated acid,vitamin C,peel hardness,flesh hardness and 15 other quality indicators were determined.Comprehensive analysis and evaluation of fruits of different varieties were conducted via cluster analysis and principal component analysis.【Results】Perfect Purple crabapple entered the fruit ripening stage at the end of August,which was the earliest to enter the fruit ripening stage.Profusion entered the final stage of fruit shedding at the latest stage,and its fruit hanging period was the longest,reaching 232 days.Adams,Jewelcole,Indian Magic,Indian Summer,Golden Fairy,Evereste and Royal Beauty fruits could hang on the tree until the following year.The fruit color upon maturity is mostly red to varying degrees.The mass of 20 crabapple varieties was 0.47-7.86 g,the volume ranged from 0.42 to 6.67 mL,the fruit transverse diameter ranged from 9.46 to 24.91 mm,the fruit longitudinal diameter ranged from 8.36 to 22.04 mm,the fruit shape index ranged from 0.78 to 1.05,the length of the fruit stem ranged from 24.74 to 41.79 mm,the thickness of the fruit stem ranged from 0.53 to 2.98 mm,the hardness of the peel ranged from 656.24 to 2460.05 g,the fragility of the peel ranged from 7.98-22.64 mm,the hardness of the flesh ranged from 331.60-2390.27 g,the fragility of the flesh ranged from 175.99 to 2143.17 mm,the soluble solids content ranged from 11.90%to 22.43%,the titratable acid content ranged from 0.82%to 2.80%,the solid/acid ratio ranged from 0.32 to 16.00%,the vitamin C contents ranged from 0.00 to 322.33 mg·g-1.The fruit phenotypes of the different crabapple varieties varied significa

关 键 词：海棠 果实性状 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S661.4[农业科学—果树学]